SCREEN(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 General Commands Manual\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SCREEN(1)<\/p>\n
NAME
\nscreen – screen manager with VT100\/ANSI terminal emulation<\/p>\n
SYNOPSIS
\nscreen [ -options ] [ cmd [ args ] ]
\nscreen -r [[pid.]tty[.host]]
\nscreen -r sessionowner\/[[pid.]tty[.host]]<\/p>\n
DESCRIPTION
\nScreen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical terminal between several processes (typically interactive shells).\u00a0 Each virtual terminal
\nprovides the functions of a DEC VT100 terminal and, in addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI X3.64) and\u00a0 ISO\u00a0 2022\u00a0 standards
\n(e.g.\u00a0 insert\/delete\u00a0 line\u00a0 and\u00a0 support\u00a0 for multiple character sets).\u00a0 There is a scrollback history buffer for each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste
\nmechanism that allows moving text regions between windows.<\/p>\n
When screen is called, it creates a single window with a shell in it (or the specified command) and then gets out of your way so that you can use\u00a0 the\u00a0 pro\u2010
\ngram\u00a0 as you normally would.\u00a0 Then, at any time, you can create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including more shells), kill existing
\nwindows, view a list of windows, turn output logging on and off, copy-and-paste text between windows, view the scrollback history, switch between windows in
\nwhatever\u00a0 manner you wish, etc. All windows run their programs completely independent of each other. Programs continue to run when their window is currently
\nnot visible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user’s terminal.\u00a0 When a program terminates, screen (per default) kills\u00a0 the\u00a0 window
\nthat\u00a0 contained\u00a0 it.\u00a0 If this window was in the foreground, the display switches to the previous window; if none are left, screen exits. Shells usually dis\u2010
\ntinguish between running as login-shell or sub-shell.\u00a0 Screen runs them as sub-shells, unless told otherwise (See “shell” .screenrc command).<\/p>\n
Everything you type is sent to the program running in the current window.\u00a0 The only exception to this is the one keystroke that is used to initiate\u00a0 a\u00a0 com\u2010
\nmand\u00a0 to\u00a0 the\u00a0 window manager.\u00a0 By default, each command begins with a control-a (abbreviated C-a from now on), and is followed by one other keystroke.\u00a0 The
\ncommand character and all the key bindings can be fully customized to be anything you like, though they are always two characters in length.<\/p>\n
Screen does not understand the prefix “C-” to mean control, although this notation is used in this manual for readability.\u00a0 Please use\u00a0 the\u00a0 caret\u00a0 notation
\n(“^A” instead of “C-a”) as arguments to e.g. the escape command or the -e option.\u00a0 Screen will also print out control characters in caret notation.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 standard\u00a0 way to create a new window is to type “C-a c”.\u00a0 This creates a new window running a shell and switches to that window immediately, regardless
\nof the state of the process running in the current window.\u00a0 Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom command in it by first binding the\u00a0 command
\nto\u00a0 a\u00a0 keystroke\u00a0 (in\u00a0 your .screenrc file or at the “C-a :” command line) and then using it just like the “C-a c” command.\u00a0 In addition, new windows can be
\ncreated by running a command like:<\/p>\n
screen emacs prog.c<\/p>\n
from a shell prompt within a previously created window.\u00a0 This will not run another copy of screen, but will instead supply the command name\u00a0 and\u00a0 its\u00a0 argu\u2010
\nments\u00a0 to the window manager (specified in the $STY environment variable) who will use it to create the new window.\u00a0 The above example would start the emacs
\neditor (editing prog.c) and switch to its window. – Note that you cannot transport environment variables from the invoking shell to the\u00a0 application\u00a0 (emacs
\nin this case), because it is forked from the parent screen process, not from the invoking shell.<\/p>\n
If\u00a0 “\/var\/run\/utmp”\u00a0 is\u00a0 writable\u00a0 by screen, an appropriate record will be written to this file for each window, and removed when the window is terminated.
\nThis is useful for working with “talk”, “script”, “shutdown”, “rsend”, “sccs” and other similar programs that use the utmp file to determine who you are. As
\nlong as screen is active on your terminal, the terminal’s own record is removed from the utmp file. See also “C-a L”.<\/p>\n
GETTING STARTED
\nBefore\u00a0 you\u00a0 begin\u00a0 to\u00a0 use screen you’ll need to make sure you have correctly selected your terminal type, just as you would for any other termcap\/terminfo
\nprogram.\u00a0 (You can do this by using tset for example.)<\/p>\n
If you’re impatient and want to get started without doing a lot more reading, you should remember this one command:\u00a0 “C-a ?”.\u00a0 Typing these\u00a0 two\u00a0 characters
\nwill\u00a0 display a list of the available screen commands and their bindings. Each keystroke is discussed in the section “DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS”. The manual sec\u2010
\ntion “CUSTOMIZATION” deals with the contents of your .screenrc.<\/p>\n
If your terminal is a “true” auto-margin terminal (it doesn’t allow the last position on the screen to be updated without\u00a0 scrolling\u00a0 the\u00a0 screen)\u00a0 consider
\nusing\u00a0 a version of your terminal’s termcap that has automatic margins turned off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal update of the screen in all cir\u2010
\ncumstances. Most terminals nowadays have “magic” margins (automatic margins plus usable last column). This is the VT100 style type and perfectly suited\u00a0 for
\nscreen.\u00a0\u00a0 If\u00a0 all\u00a0 you’ve\u00a0 got is a “true” auto-margin terminal screen will be content to use it, but updating a character put into the last position on the
\nscreen may not be possible until the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a safe position in some other way. This delay can be shortened by using a
\nterminal with insert-character capability.<\/p>\n
COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
\nScreen has the following command-line options:<\/p>\n
-a\u00a0\u00a0 include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each window’s termcap, even if screen must redraw parts of the display in order to implement a
\nfunction.<\/p>\n
-A\u00a0\u00a0 Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the current terminal.\u00a0 By default, screen tries to restore its old window sizes when attaching to\u00a0 resiz\u2010
\nable terminals (those with “WS” in its description, e.g. suncmd or some xterm).<\/p>\n
-c file
\noverride the default configuration file from “$HOME\/.screenrc” to file.<\/p>\n
-d|-D [pid.tty.host]
\ndoes\u00a0 not start screen, but detaches the elsewhere running screen session. It has the same effect as typing “C-a d” from screen’s controlling terminal.
\n-D is the equivalent to the power detach key.\u00a0 If no session can be detached, this option is ignored. In combination with the -r\/-R option more\u00a0 power\u2010
\nful effects can be achieved:<\/p>\n
-d -r\u00a0\u00a0 Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.<\/p>\n
-d -R\u00a0\u00a0 Reattach a session and if necessary detach or even create it first.<\/p>\n
-d -RR\u00a0 Reattach a session and if necessary detach or create it. Use the first session if more than one session is available.<\/p>\n
-D -r\u00a0\u00a0 Reattach a session. If necessary detach and logout remotely first.<\/p>\n
-D -R\u00a0\u00a0 Attach\u00a0 here\u00a0 and\u00a0 now.\u00a0 In detail this means: If a session is running, then reattach. If necessary detach and logout remotely first.\u00a0 If it was not
\nrunning create it and notify the user. This is the author’s favorite.<\/p>\n
-D -RR\u00a0 Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.<\/p>\n
Note: It is always a good idea to check the status of your sessions by means of “screen -list”.<\/p>\n
-e xy
\nspecifies the command character to be x and the character generating a literal command character to y (when typed after the\u00a0 command\u00a0 character).\u00a0\u00a0 The
\ndefault\u00a0 is\u00a0 “C-a”\u00a0 and\u00a0 `a’,\u00a0 which can be specified as “-e^Aa”.\u00a0 When creating a screen session, this option sets the default command character. In a
\nmultiuser session all users added will start off with this command character. But when attaching to an already running\u00a0 session,\u00a0 this\u00a0 option\u00a0 changes
\nonly the command character of the attaching user.\u00a0 This option is equivalent to either the commands “defescape” or “escape” respectively.<\/p>\n
-f, -fn, and -fa
\nturns flow-control on, off, or “automatic switching mode”.\u00a0 This can also be defined through the “defflow” .screenrc command.<\/p>\n
-h num
\nSpecifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.<\/p>\n
-i\u00a0\u00a0 will\u00a0 cause\u00a0 the\u00a0 interrupt\u00a0 key\u00a0 (usually\u00a0 C-c) to interrupt the display immediately when flow-control is on.\u00a0 See the “defflow” .screenrc command for
\ndetails.\u00a0 The use of this option is discouraged.<\/p>\n
-l and -ln
\nturns login mode on or off (for \/var\/run\/utmp updating).\u00a0 This can also be defined through the “deflogin” .screenrc command.<\/p>\n
-ls [match]
\n-list [match]
\ndoes not start screen, but prints a list of pid.tty.host strings and creation timestamps identifying your screen sessions.\u00a0 Sessions marked\u00a0 `detached’
\ncan\u00a0 be\u00a0 resumed\u00a0 with\u00a0 “screen\u00a0 -r”. Those marked `attached’ are running and have a controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser mode, it is
\nmarked `multi’. Sessions marked as `unreachable’ either live on a different host or are `dead’.\u00a0 An unreachable session is considered\u00a0 dead,\u00a0 when\u00a0 its
\nname\u00a0 matches either the name of the local host, or the specified parameter, if any.\u00a0 See the -r flag for a description how to construct matches.\u00a0 Ses\u2010
\nsions marked as `dead’ should be thoroughly checked and removed.\u00a0 Ask your system administrator if you are not sure. Remove\u00a0 sessions\u00a0 with\u00a0 the\u00a0 -wipe
\noption.<\/p>\n
-L\u00a0\u00a0 tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.<\/p>\n
-m\u00a0\u00a0 causes screen to ignore the $STY environment variable. With “screen -m” creation of a new session is enforced, regardless whether screen is called from
\nwithin another screen session or not. This flag has a special meaning in connection with the `-d’ option:<\/p>\n
-d -m\u00a0\u00a0 Start screen in “detached” mode. This creates a new session but doesn’t attach to it. This is useful for system startup scripts.<\/p>\n
-D -m\u00a0\u00a0 This also starts screen in “detached” mode, but doesn’t fork a new process. The command exits if the session terminates.<\/p>\n
-O\u00a0\u00a0 selects a more optimal output mode for your terminal rather than true VT100 emulation (only affects auto-margin terminals without `LP’).\u00a0 This can also
\nbe set in your .screenrc by specifying `OP’ in a “termcap” command.<\/p>\n
-p number_or_name|-|=|+
\nPreselect\u00a0 a window. This is useful when you want to reattach to a specific window or you want to send a command via the “-X” option to a specific win\u2010
\ndow. As with screen’s select command, “-” selects the blank window. As a special case for reattach, “=” brings up the windowlist on the\u00a0 blank\u00a0 window,
\nwhile a “+” will create a new window. The command will not be executed if the specified window could not be found.<\/p>\n
-q\u00a0\u00a0 Suppress\u00a0 printing\u00a0 of error messages. In combination with “-ls” the exit value is as follows: 9 indicates a directory without sessions. 10 indicates a
\ndirectory with running but not attachable sessions. 11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions.\u00a0 In combination with “-r” the exit value is\u00a0 as
\nfollows:\u00a0 10\u00a0 indicates that there is no session to resume. 12 (or more) indicates that there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume and you should specify
\nwhich one to choose.\u00a0 In all other cases “-q” has no effect.<\/p>\n
-Q\u00a0\u00a0 Some commands now can be queried from a remote session using this flag, e.g. “screen -Q windows”. The commands will send the response to the stdout\u00a0 of
\nthe querying process. If there was an error in the command, then the querying process will exit with a non-zero status.<\/p>\n
The commands that can be queried now are:
\necho
\ninfo
\nlastmsg
\nnumber
\nselect
\ntime
\ntitle
\nwindows<\/p>\n
-r [pid.tty.host]
\n-r sessionowner\/[pid.tty.host]
\nresumes a detached screen session.\u00a0 No other options (except combinations with -d\/-D) may be specified, though an optional prefix of [pid.]tty.host may
\nbe needed to distinguish between multiple detached screen sessions.\u00a0 The second form is used to connect to another user’s screen session which runs\u00a0 in
\nmultiuser mode. This indicates that screen should look for sessions in another user’s directory. This requires setuid-root.<\/p>\n
-R\u00a0\u00a0 attempts\u00a0 to\u00a0 resume\u00a0 the\u00a0 youngest\u00a0 (in\u00a0 terms\u00a0 of creation time) detached screen session it finds.\u00a0 If successful, all other command-line options are
\nignored.\u00a0 If no detached session exists, starts a new session using the specified options, just as if -R had not been specified. The option is\u00a0 set\u00a0 by
\ndefault\u00a0 if\u00a0 screen is run as a login-shell (actually screen uses “-xRR” in that case).\u00a0 For combinations with the -d\/-D option see there.\u00a0 Note: Time-
\nbased session selection is a Debian addition.<\/p>\n
-s program
\nsets the default shell to the program specified, instead of the value in the environment variable $SHELL (or “\/bin\/sh” if not defined).\u00a0 This can\u00a0 also
\nbe defined through the “shell” .screenrc command.\u00a0 See also there.<\/p>\n
-S sessionname
\nWhen\u00a0 creating a new session, this option can be used to specify a meaningful name for the session. This name identifies the session for “screen -list”
\nand “screen -r” actions. It substitutes the default [tty.host] suffix.<\/p>\n
-t name
\nsets the title (a.k.a.) for the default shell or specified program.\u00a0 See also the “shelltitle” .screenrc command.<\/p>\n
-T term
\nSet the $TERM environment varible using the spcified term as opposed to the defualt setting of screen.<\/p>\n
-U\u00a0\u00a0 Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your terminal sends and understands UTF-8 encoded characters. It also sets the default encoding
\nfor new windows to `utf8′.<\/p>\n
-v\u00a0\u00a0 Print version number.<\/p>\n
-wipe [match]
\ndoes\u00a0 the\u00a0 same as “screen -ls”, but removes destroyed sessions instead of marking them as `dead’.\u00a0 An unreachable session is considered dead, when its
\nname matches either the name of the local host, or the explicitly given parameter, if any.\u00a0 See the -r flag for a description how to construct matches.<\/p>\n
-x\u00a0\u00a0 Attach to a not detached screen session. (Multi display mode).\u00a0 Screen refuses to attach from within itself.\u00a0\u00a0 But\u00a0 when\u00a0 cascading\u00a0 multiple\u00a0 screens,
\nloops are not detected; take care.<\/p>\n
-X\u00a0\u00a0 Send\u00a0 the\u00a0 specified\u00a0 command\u00a0 to a running screen session. You may use the -S option to specify the screen session if you have several screen sessions
\nrunning. You can use the -d or -r option to tell screen to look only for attached or detached screen sessions. Note that this command doesn’t\u00a0 work\u00a0 if
\nthe session is password protected.<\/p>\n
-4\u00a0\u00a0 Resolve hostnames only to IPv4 addresses.<\/p>\n
-6\u00a0\u00a0 Resolve hostnames only to IPv6 addresses.<\/p>\n
DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
\nAs mentioned, each screen command consists of a “C-a” followed by one other character.\u00a0 For your convenience, all commands that are bound to lower-case let\u2010
\nters are also bound to their control character counterparts (with the exception of “C-a a”; see below), thus, “C-a c” as well as “C-a C-c” can\u00a0 be\u00a0 used\u00a0 to
\ncreate a window. See section “CUSTOMIZATION” for a description of the command.<\/p>\n
The following table shows the default key bindings:<\/p>\n
C-a ‘\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (select)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prompt for a window name or number to switch to.<\/p>\n
C-a ”\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (windowlist -b)
\nPresent a list of all windows for selection.<\/p>\n
C-a 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (select 0)
\n\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026
\nC-a 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (select 9)
\nC-a –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (select -)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Switch to window number 0 – 9, or to the blank window.<\/p>\n
C-a tab\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (focus)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Switch the input focus to the next region.\u00a0 See also split, remove, only.<\/p>\n
C-a C-a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (other)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Toggle\u00a0 to the window displayed previously.\u00a0 Note that this binding defaults to the command character typed twice, unless overrid\u2010
\nden.\u00a0 For instance, if you use the option “-e]x”, this command becomes “]]”.<\/p>\n
C-a a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (meta)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Send the command character (C-a) to window. See escape command.<\/p>\n
C-a A\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (title)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Allow the user to enter a name for the current window.<\/p>\n
C-a b
\nC-a C-b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (break)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Send a break to window.<\/p>\n
C-a B\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (pow_break)\u00a0\u00a0 Reopen the terminal line and send a break.<\/p>\n
C-a c
\nC-a C-c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (screen)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Create a new window with a shell and switch to that window.<\/p>\n
C-a C\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (clear)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Clear the screen.<\/p>\n
C-a d
\nC-a C-d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (detach)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Detach screen from this terminal.<\/p>\n
C-a D D\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (pow_detach)\u00a0 Detach and logout.<\/p>\n
C-a f
\nC-a C-f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (flow)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Toggle flow on, off or auto.<\/p>\n
C-a F\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (fit)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Resize the window to the current region size.<\/p>\n
C-a C-g\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (vbell)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Toggles screen’s visual bell mode.<\/p>\n
C-a h\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (hardcopy)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Write a hardcopy of the current window to the file “hardcopy.n”.<\/p>\n
C-a H\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (log)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Begins\/ends logging of the current window to the file “screenlog.n”.<\/p>\n
C-a i
\nC-a C-i\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (info)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Show info about this window.<\/p>\n
C-a k
\nC-a C-k\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (kill)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Destroy current window.<\/p>\n
C-a l
\nC-a C-l\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (redisplay)\u00a0\u00a0 Fully refresh current window.<\/p>\n
C-a L\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (login)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Toggle this windows login slot. Available only if screen is configured to update the utmp database.<\/p>\n
C-a m
\nC-a C-m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (lastmsg)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Repeat the last message displayed in the message line.<\/p>\n
C-a M\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (monitor)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Toggles monitoring of the current window.<\/p>\n
C-a space
\nC-a n
\nC-a C-n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (next)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Switch to the next window.<\/p>\n
C-a N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (number)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Show the number (and title) of the current window.<\/p>\n
C-a backspace
\nC-a C-h
\nC-a p
\nC-a C-p\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (prev)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Switch to the previous window (opposite of C-a n).<\/p>\n
C-a q
\nC-a C-q\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (xon)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Send a control-q to the current window.<\/p>\n
C-a Q\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (only)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Delete all regions but the current one.\u00a0 See also split, remove, focus.<\/p>\n
C-a r
\nC-a C-r\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (wrap)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Toggle the current window’s line-wrap setting (turn the current window’s automatic margins on and off).<\/p>\n
C-a s
\nC-a C-s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (xoff)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Send a control-s to the current window.<\/p>\n
C-a S\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (split)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Split the current region horizontally into two new ones.\u00a0 See also only, remove, focus.<\/p>\n
C-a t
\nC-a C-t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (time)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Show system information.<\/p>\n
C-a v\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (version)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Display the version and compilation date.<\/p>\n
C-a C-v\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (digraph)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enter digraph.<\/p>\n
C-a w
\nC-a C-w\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (windows)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Show a list of window.<\/p>\n
C-a W\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (width)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Toggle 80\/132 columns.<\/p>\n
C-a x
\nC-a C-x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (lockscreen)\u00a0 Lock this terminal.<\/p>\n
C-a X\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (remove)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kill the current region.\u00a0 See also split, only, focus.<\/p>\n
C-a z
\nC-a C-z\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (suspend)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suspend screen.\u00a0 Your system must support BSD-style job-control.<\/p>\n
C-a Z\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (reset)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reset the virtual terminal to its “power-on” values.<\/p>\n
C-a .\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (dumptermcap) Write out a “.termcap” file.<\/p>\n
C-a ?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (help)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Show key bindings.<\/p>\n
C-a \\\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (quit)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kill all windows and terminate screen.<\/p>\n
C-a :\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (colon)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enter command line mode.<\/p>\n
C-a [
\nC-a C-[
\nC-a esc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (copy)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enter copy\/scrollback mode.<\/p>\n
C-a C-]
\nC-a ]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (paste .)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Write the contents of the paste buffer to the stdin queue of the current window.<\/p>\n
C-a {
\nC-a }\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (history)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Copy and paste a previous (command) line.<\/p>\n
C-a >\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (writebuf)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Write paste buffer to a file.<\/p>\n
C-a <\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (readbuf)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reads the screen-exchange file into the paste buffer.<\/p>\n
C-a =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (removebuf)\u00a0\u00a0 Removes the file used by C-a < and C-a >.<\/p>\n
C-a ,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (license)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shows where screen comes from, where it went to and why you can use it.<\/p>\n
C-a _\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (silence)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Start\/stop monitoring the current window for inactivity.<\/p>\n
C-a |\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (split -v)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Split the current region vertically into two new ones.<\/p>\n
C-a *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (displays)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Show a listing of all currently attached displays.<\/p>\n
CUSTOMIZATION
\nThe “socket directory” defaults either to $HOME\/.screen or simply to \/tmp\/screens or preferably to \/var\/run\/screen chosen\u00a0 at\u00a0 compile-time.\u00a0 If\u00a0 screen\u00a0 is
\ninstalled\u00a0 setuid-root,\u00a0 then\u00a0 the administrator should compile screen with an adequate (not NFS mounted) socket directory. If screen is not running setuid-
\nroot, the user can specify any mode 700 directory in the environment variable $SCREENDIR.<\/p>\n
When screen is invoked, it executes initialization commands from the files “\/etc\/screenrc” and “.screenrc” in the user’s home directory. These are the “pro\u2010
\ngrammer’s\u00a0 defaults”\u00a0 that\u00a0 can\u00a0 be overridden in the following ways: for the global screenrc file screen searches for the environment variable $SYSSCREENRC
\n(this override feature may be disabled at compile-time). The user specific screenrc file is searched in $SCREENRC, then $HOME\/.screenrc.\u00a0 The\u00a0 command\u00a0 line
\noption -c takes precedence over the above user screenrc files.<\/p>\n
Commands\u00a0 in these files are used to set options, bind functions to keys, and to automatically establish one or more windows at the beginning of your screen
\nsession.\u00a0 Commands are listed one per line, with empty lines being ignored.\u00a0 A command’s arguments are separated by tabs or spaces, and may be surrounded by
\nsingle\u00a0 or\u00a0 double quotes.\u00a0 A `#’ turns the rest of the line into a comment, except in quotes.\u00a0 Unintelligible lines are warned about and ignored.\u00a0 Commands
\nmay contain references to environment variables. The syntax is the shell-like “$VAR ” or “${VAR}”. Note\u00a0 that\u00a0 this\u00a0 causes\u00a0 incompatibility\u00a0 with\u00a0 previous
\nscreen\u00a0 versions,\u00a0 as\u00a0 now\u00a0 the ‘$’-character has to be protected with ‘\\’ if no variable substitution shall be performed. A string in single-quotes is also
\nprotected from variable substitution.<\/p>\n
Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your screen distribution: “etc\/screenrc” and “etc\/etcscreenrc”. They contain a number of\u00a0 useful\u00a0 exam\u2010
\nples for various commands.<\/p>\n
Customization can also be done ‘on-line’. To enter the command mode type `C-a :’. Note that commands starting with “def” change default values, while others
\nchange current settings.<\/p>\n
The following commands are available:<\/p>\n
acladd usernames [crypted-pw]
\naddacl usernames<\/p>\n
Enable users to fully access this screen session. Usernames can be one user or a comma separated list of users. This command enables to attach to the screen
\nsession and performs the equivalent of `aclchg usernames +rwx “#?”‘.\u00a0 executed. To add a user with restricted access, use the `aclchg’ command below.\u00a0 If an
\noptional second parameter is supplied, it should be a crypted password for the named user(s). `Addacl’ is a synonym to `acladd’.\u00a0 Multi user mode only.<\/p>\n
aclchg usernames permbits list
\nchacl usernames permbits list<\/p>\n
Change permissions for a comma separated list of users. Permission bits are represented as `r’, `w’ and\u00a0 `x’.\u00a0 Prefixing\u00a0 `+’\u00a0 grants\u00a0 the\u00a0 permission,\u00a0 `-‘
\nremoves\u00a0 it.\u00a0 The third parameter is a comma separated list of commands and\/or windows (specified either by number or title). The special list `#’ refers to
\nall windows, `?’ to all commands. if usernames consists of a single `*’, all known users are affected.\u00a0 A command can be executed when the user has the\u00a0 `x’
\nbit\u00a0 for\u00a0 it.\u00a0\u00a0 The\u00a0 user can type input to a window when he has its `w’ bit set and no other user obtains a writelock for this window.\u00a0 Other bits are cur\u2010
\nrently ignored.\u00a0 To withdraw the writelock from another user in window 2: `aclchg username -w+w 2′.\u00a0 To allow read-only access to the session: `aclchg user\u2010
\nname\u00a0 -w\u00a0 “#”‘. As soon as a user’s name is known to screen he can attach to the session and (per default) has full permissions for all command and windows.
\nExecution permission for the acl commands, `at’ and others should also be removed or the user may be able to regain write permission.\u00a0 Rights of the special
\nusername nobody cannot be changed (see the “su” command).\u00a0 `Chacl’ is a synonym to `aclchg’.\u00a0 Multi user mode only.<\/p>\n
acldel username<\/p>\n
Remove\u00a0 a\u00a0 user\u00a0 from\u00a0 screen’s\u00a0 access\u00a0 control list. If currently attached, all the user’s displays are detached from the session. He cannot attach again.
\nMulti user mode only.<\/p>\n
aclgrp username [groupname]<\/p>\n
Creates groups of users that share common access rights. The name of the group is the username of the group leader. Each member of the\u00a0 group\u00a0 inherits\u00a0 the
\npermissions\u00a0 that\u00a0 are\u00a0 granted\u00a0 to\u00a0 the\u00a0 group\u00a0 leader. That means, if a user fails an access check, another check is made for the group leader.\u00a0 A user is
\nremoved from all groups the special value “none” is used for groupname.\u00a0 If the second parameter is omitted all groups the user is in are listed.<\/p>\n
aclumask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits \u2026. ]
\numask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits \u2026. ]<\/p>\n
This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be created by the caller of the command.\u00a0 Users may be no, one or a comma separated list\u00a0 of
\nknown\u00a0 usernames. If no users are specified, a list of all currently known users is assumed.\u00a0 Bits is any combination of access control bits allowed defined
\nwith the “aclchg” command. The special username “?” predefines the access that not yet known users will be granted to any\u00a0 window\u00a0 initially.\u00a0\u00a0 The\u00a0 special
\nusername\u00a0 “??”\u00a0 predefines the access that not yet known users are granted to any command.\u00a0 Rights of the special username nobody cannot be changed (see the
\n“su” command).\u00a0 `Umask’ is a synonym to `aclumask’.<\/p>\n
activity message<\/p>\n
When any activity occurs in a background window that is being monitored, screen displays a notification in the message line.\u00a0 The notification\u00a0 message\u00a0 can
\nbe re-defined by means of the “activity” command.\u00a0 Each occurrence of `%’ in message is replaced by the number of the window in which activity has occurred,
\nand each occurrence of `^G’ is replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell).\u00a0 The default message is<\/p>\n
‘Activity in window %n’<\/p>\n
Note that monitoring is off for all windows by default, but can be altered by use of the “monitor” command (C-a M).<\/p>\n
allpartial on|off<\/p>\n
If set to on, only the current cursor line is refreshed on window change.\u00a0 This affects all windows and is useful for slow terminal lines. The previous set\u2010
\nting of full\/partial refresh for each window is restored with “allpartial off”.\u00a0 This is a global flag that immediately takes effect on all windows overrid\u2010
\ning the “partial” settings. It does not change the default redraw behavior of newly created windows.<\/p>\n
altscreen on|off<\/p>\n
If set to on, “alternate screen” support is enabled in virtual terminals, just like in xterm.\u00a0 Initial setting is `off’.<\/p>\n
at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args \u2026 ]<\/p>\n
Execute a command at other displays or windows as if it had been entered there.\u00a0 “At” changes the context (the `current window’ or\u00a0 `current\u00a0 display’\u00a0 set\u2010
\nting)\u00a0 of\u00a0 the command. If the first parameter describes a non-unique context, the command will be executed multiple times. If the first parameter is of the
\nform `identifier*’ then identifier is matched against user names.\u00a0 The command is executed once for each display of\u00a0 the\u00a0 selected\u00a0 user(s).\u00a0 If\u00a0 the\u00a0 first
\nparameter\u00a0 is\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 form\u00a0 `identifier%’\u00a0 identifier\u00a0 is\u00a0 matched\u00a0 against displays. Displays are named after the ttys they attach. The prefix `\/dev\/’ or
\n`\/dev\/tty’ may be omitted from the identifier.\u00a0 If identifier has a `#’ or nothing appended it is matched against window numbers\u00a0 and\u00a0 titles.\u00a0 Omitting\u00a0 an
\nidentifier\u00a0 in\u00a0 front of the `#’, `*’ or `%’-character selects all users, displays or windows because a prefix-match is performed. Note that on the affected
\ndisplay(s) a short message will describe what happened. Permission is checked for initiator of the “at” command, not for the owners\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 affected\u00a0 dis\u2010
\nplay(s).\u00a0\u00a0 Note\u00a0 that the ‘#’ character works as a comment introducer when it is preceded by whitespace. This can be escaped by prefixing a ‘\\’.\u00a0 Permission
\nis checked for the initiator of the “at” command, not for the owners of the affected display(s).
\nCaveat: When matching against windows, the command is executed at least once per window. Commands that change the\u00a0 internal\u00a0 arrangement\u00a0 of\u00a0 windows\u00a0 (like
\n“other”)\u00a0 may\u00a0 be called again. In shared windows the command will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing toggle commands like “login”!
\nSome commands (e.g. “process”) require that a display is associated with the target windows.\u00a0 These commands may not work correctly under “at” looping\u00a0 over
\nwindows.<\/p>\n
attrcolor attrib [attribute\/color-modifier]<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 command\u00a0 can be used to highlight attributes by changing the color of the text. If the attribute attrib is in use, the specified attribute\/color modi\u2010
\nfier is also applied. If no modifier is given, the current one is deleted. See the “STRING ESCAPES” chapter for the syntax of the\u00a0 modifier.\u00a0 Screen\u00a0 under\u2010
\nstands two pseudo-attributes, “i” stands for high-intensity foreground color and “I” for high-intensity background color.<\/p>\n
Examples:<\/p>\n
attrcolor b “R”<\/p>\n
Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.<\/p>\n
attrcolor u “-u b”<\/p>\n
Use blue text instead of underline.<\/p>\n
attrcolor b “.I”<\/p>\n
Use bright colors for bold text. Most terminal emulators do this already.<\/p>\n
attrcolor i “+b”<\/p>\n
Make bright colored text also bold.<\/p>\n
autodetach on|off<\/p>\n
Sets\u00a0 whether\u00a0 screen\u00a0 will\u00a0 automatically\u00a0 detach upon hangup, which saves all your running programs until they are resumed with a screen -r command.\u00a0 When
\nturned off, a hangup signal will terminate screen and all the processes it contains. Autodetach is on by default.<\/p>\n
autonuke on|off<\/p>\n
Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke all the output that has not been written to the terminal. See also “obuflimit”.<\/p>\n
backtick id lifespan autorefresh cmd args\u2026
\nbacktick id<\/p>\n
Program the backtick command with the numerical id id.\u00a0 The output of such a command is used for substitution of the “%`” string escape. The specified life\u2010
\nspan\u00a0 is\u00a0 the\u00a0 number\u00a0 of seconds the output is considered valid. After this time, the command is run again if a corresponding string escape is encountered.
\nThe autorefresh parameter triggers an automatic refresh for caption and hardstatus strings after the specified number of seconds. Only the last line of out\u2010
\nput is used for substitution.
\nIf\u00a0 both\u00a0 the\u00a0 lifespan\u00a0 and\u00a0 the\u00a0 autorefresh parameters are zero, the backtick program is expected to stay in the background and generate output once in a
\nwhile.\u00a0 In this case, the command is executed right away and screen stores the last line of output. If a new line gets\u00a0 printed\u00a0 screen\u00a0 will\u00a0 automatically
\nrefresh the hardstatus or the captions.
\nThe second form of the command deletes the backtick command with the numerical id id.<\/p>\n
bce [on|off]<\/p>\n
Change background-color-erase setting. If “bce” is set to on, all characters cleared by an erase\/insert\/scroll\/clear operation will be displayed in the cur\u2010
\nrent background color. Otherwise the default background color is used.<\/p>\n
bell_msg [message]<\/p>\n
When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen displays a notification in the message line.\u00a0 The notification message\u00a0 can\u00a0 be\u00a0 re-defined\u00a0 by
\nthis\u00a0 command.\u00a0\u00a0 Each\u00a0 occurrence\u00a0 of\u00a0 `%’\u00a0 in message is replaced by the number of the window to which a bell has been sent, and each occurrence of `^G’ is
\nreplaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell).\u00a0 The default message is<\/p>\n
‘Bell in window %n’<\/p>\n
An empty message can be supplied to the “bell_msg” command to suppress output of a message line (bell_msg “”).\u00a0 Without parameter, the\u00a0 current\u00a0 message\u00a0 is
\nshown.<\/p>\n
bind [-c class] key [command [args]]<\/p>\n
Bind\u00a0 a command to a key.\u00a0 By default, most of the commands provided by screen are bound to one or more keys as indicated in the “DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS” sec\u2010
\ntion, e.g. the command to create a new window is bound to “C-c” and “c”.\u00a0 The “bind” command can be used to redefine the key\u00a0 bindings\u00a0 and\u00a0 to\u00a0 define\u00a0 new
\nbindings.\u00a0 The key argument is either a single character, a two-character sequence of the form “^x” (meaning “C-x”), a backslash followed by an octal number
\n(specifying the ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character, such as “\\^” or “\\\\”.\u00a0 The argument can also be quoted, if\u00a0 you
\nlike.\u00a0\u00a0 If no further argument is given, any previously established binding for this key is removed.\u00a0 The command argument can be any command listed in this
\nsection.<\/p>\n
If a command class is specified via the “-c” option, the key is bound for the specified class. Use the\u00a0 “command”\u00a0 command\u00a0 to\u00a0 activate\u00a0 a\u00a0 class.\u00a0 Command
\nclasses can be used to create multiple command keys or multi-character bindings.<\/p>\n
Some examples:<\/p>\n
bind ‘ ‘ windows
\nbind ^k
\nbind k
\nbind K kill
\nbind ^f screen telnet foobar
\nbind \\033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su<\/p>\n
would\u00a0 bind\u00a0 the\u00a0 space key to the command that displays a list of windows (so that the command usually invoked by “C-a C-w” would also be available as “C-a
\nspace”). The next three lines remove the default kill binding from “C-a C-k” and “C-a k”.\u00a0 “C-a K” is then bound to the kill command. Then it binds “C-f” to
\nthe\u00a0 command\u00a0 “create\u00a0 a window with a TELNET connection to foobar”, and bind “escape” to the command that creates an non-login window with a.k.a. “root” in
\nslot #9, with a superuser shell and a scrollback buffer of 1000 lines.<\/p>\n
bind -c demo1 0 select 10
\nbind -c demo1 1 select 11
\nbind -c demo1 2 select 12
\nbindkey “^B” command -c demo1<\/p>\n
makes “C-b 0” select window 10, “C-b 1” window 11, etc.<\/p>\n
bind -c demo2 0 select 10
\nbind -c demo2 1 select 11
\nbind -c demo2 2 select 12
\nbind – command -c demo2<\/p>\n
makes “C-a – 0” select window 10, “C-a – 1” window 11, etc.<\/p>\n
bindkey [-d] [-m] [-a] [[-k|-t] string [cmd args]]<\/p>\n
This command manages screen’s input translation tables. Every entry in one of the tables tells screen how to react if a certain sequence\u00a0 of\u00a0 characters\u00a0 is
\nencountered. There are three tables: one that should contain actions programmed by the user, one for the default actions used for terminal emulation and one
\nfor screen’s copy mode to do cursor movement. See section “INPUT TRANSLATION” for a list of default key bindings.
\nIf the -d option is given, bindkey modifies the default table, -m changes the copy mode table and with neither option the user table is selected.\u00a0 The argu\u2010
\nment\u00a0 string\u00a0 is the sequence of characters to which an action is bound. This can either be a fixed string or a termcap keyboard capability name (selectable
\nwith the -k option).
\nSome keys on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if application mode is turned on (e.g the cursor keys).\u00a0 Such keys have two entries in the\u00a0 trans\u2010
\nlation table. You can select the application mode entry by specifying the -a option.
\nThe -t option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One cannot turn off the timing if a termcap capability is used.
\nCmd can be any of screen’s commands with an arbitrary number of args.\u00a0 If cmd is omitted the key-binding is removed from the table.
\nHere are some examples of keyboard bindings:<\/p>\n
bindkey -d
\nShow all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries are marked with [A].<\/p>\n
bindkey -k k1 select 1
\nMake the “F1” key switch to window one.<\/p>\n
bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo
\nMake “foo” an abbreviation of the word “barfoo”. Timeout is disabled so that users can type slowly.<\/p>\n
bindkey “\\024” mapdefault
\nThis\u00a0 key-binding\u00a0 makes\u00a0 “^T”\u00a0 an\u00a0 escape\u00a0 character\u00a0 for key-bindings. If you did the above “stuff barfoo” binding, you can enter the word “foo” by typing
\n“^Tfoo”. If you want to insert a “^T” you have to press the key twice (i.e., escape the escape binding).<\/p>\n
bindkey -k F1 command
\nMake the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides ^A).<\/p>\n
break [duration]<\/p>\n
Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this window.\u00a0 For non-Posix systems the time interval may be rounded up to full seconds.\u00a0 Most useful if\u00a0 a
\ncharacter\u00a0 device is attached to the window rather than a shell process (See also chapter “WINDOW TYPES”). The maximum duration of a break signal is limited
\nto 15 seconds.<\/p>\n
blanker<\/p>\n
Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no blanker program is defined, the cursor is turned off, otherwise, the program is started\u00a0 and
\nit’s output is written to the screen.\u00a0 The screen blanker is killed with the first keypress, the read key is discarded.
\nThis command is normally used together with the “idle” command.<\/p>\n
blankerprg [program args]<\/p>\n
Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if an empty argument is given. Shows the currently set blanker program if no arguments are given.<\/p>\n
breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK]<\/p>\n
Choose\u00a0 one\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. This command should affect the current window only.\u00a0 But it still
\nbehaves identical to “defbreaktype”. This will be changed in the future.\u00a0 Calling “breaktype” with no parameter displays the break method\u00a0 for\u00a0 the\u00a0 current
\nwindow.<\/p>\n
bufferfile [exchange-file]<\/p>\n
Change\u00a0 the\u00a0 filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer.\u00a0 If the optional argument to the “bufferfile” command is omitted, the default set\u2010
\nting (“\/tmp\/screen-exchange”) is reactivated.\u00a0 The following example will paste the system’s password file into the screen window (using the\u00a0 paste\u00a0 buffer,
\nwhere a copy remains):<\/p>\n
C-a : bufferfile \/etc\/passwd
\nC-a < C-a ]
\nC-a : bufferfile<\/p>\n
c1 [on|off]<\/p>\n
Change\u00a0 c1 code processing. “C1 on” tells screen to treat the input characters between 128 and 159 as control functions.\u00a0 Such an 8-bit code is normally the
\nsame as ESC followed by the corresponding 7-bit code. The default setting is to process c1 codes and can be changed with the “defc1”\u00a0 command.\u00a0\u00a0 Users\u00a0 with
\nfonts that have usable characters in the c1 positions may want to turn this off.<\/p>\n
caption always|splitonly [string]
\ncaption string [string]<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 command\u00a0 controls\u00a0 the\u00a0 display\u00a0 of the window captions. Normally a caption is only used if more than one window is shown on the display (split screen
\nmode). But if the type is set to always screen shows a caption even if only one window is displayed. The default is splitonly.<\/p>\n
The second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use all escapes from the “STRING ESCAPES” chapter. Screen uses a default of `%3n %t’.<\/p>\n
You can mix both forms by providing a string as an additional argument.<\/p>\n
charset set
\nChange the current character set slot designation and charset mapping.\u00a0 The first four character of set are treated as charset designators while\u00a0 the\u00a0 fifth
\nand\u00a0 sixth\u00a0 character\u00a0 must be in range ‘0’ to ‘3’ and set the GL\/GR charset mapping. On every position a ‘.’ may be used to indicate that the corresponding
\ncharset\/mapping should not be changed (set is padded to six characters internally by appending ‘.’\u00a0 chars). New windows have “BBBB02”\u00a0 as\u00a0 default\u00a0 charset,
\nunless a “encoding” command is active.
\nThe current setting can be viewed with the “info” command.<\/p>\n
chdir [directory]<\/p>\n
Change\u00a0 the\u00a0 current\u00a0 directory of screen to the specified directory or, if called without an argument, to your home directory (the value of the environment
\nvariable $HOME).\u00a0 All windows that are created by means of the “screen” command from within “.screenrc” or by means of “C-a : screen \u2026” or “C-a c” use\u00a0 this
\nas\u00a0 their default directory.\u00a0 Without a chdir command, this would be the directory from which screen was invoked.\u00a0 Hardcopy and log files are always written
\nto the window’s default directory, not the current directory of the process running in the window.\u00a0\u00a0 You\u00a0 can\u00a0 use\u00a0 this\u00a0 command\u00a0 multiple\u00a0 times\u00a0 in\u00a0 your
\n.screenrc to start various windows in different default directories, but the last chdir value will affect all the windows you create interactively.<\/p>\n
cjkwidth [ on | off ]<\/p>\n
Treat ambiguous width characters as full\/half width.<\/p>\n
clear<\/p>\n
Clears the current window and saves its image to the scrollback buffer.<\/p>\n
colon [prefix]<\/p>\n
Allows you to enter “.screenrc” command lines. Useful for on-the-fly modification of key bindings, specific window creation and changing settings. Note that
\nthe “set” keyword no longer exists! Usually commands affect the current window rather than default settings for future windows. Change\u00a0 defaults\u00a0 with\u00a0 com\u2010
\nmands starting with ‘def\u2026’.<\/p>\n
If you consider this as the `Ex command mode’ of screen, you may regard “C-a esc” (copy mode) as its `Vi command mode’.<\/p>\n
command [-c class]<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 command\u00a0 has\u00a0 the\u00a0 same\u00a0 effect as typing the screen escape character (^A). It is probably only useful for key bindings.\u00a0 If the “-c” option is given,
\nselect the specified command class.\u00a0 See also “bind” and “bindkey”.<\/p>\n
compacthist [on|off]<\/p>\n
This tells screen whether to suppress trailing blank lines when scrolling up text into the history buffer.<\/p>\n
console [on|off]<\/p>\n
Grabs or un-grabs the machines console output to a window.\u00a0 Note: Only the owner of \/dev\/console can grab the console output.\u00a0 This command is\u00a0 only\u00a0 avail\u2010
\nable if the machine supports the ioctl TIOCCONS.<\/p>\n
copy<\/p>\n
Enter\u00a0 copy\/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the current window and its history into the paste buffer. In this mode a vi-like `full screen
\neditor’ is active:
\nMovement keys:
\nh, C-h, or left arrow move the cursor left.
\nj, C-n, or down arrow move the cursor down.
\nk, C-p, or up arrow move the cursor up.
\nl (‘el’) or right arrow move the cursor right.
\n0 (zero) or C-a move to the leftmost column.
\n+ and – positions one line up and down.
\nH, M and L move the cursor to the leftmost column of the top, center or bottom line of the window.
\n| moves to the specified absolute column.
\ng or home moves to the beginning of the buffer.
\nG or end moves to the specified absolute line (default: end of buffer).
\n% jumps to the specified percentage of the buffer.
\n^ or $ move to the leftmost column, to the first or last non-whitespace character on the line.
\nw, b, and e move the cursor word by word.
\nB, E move the cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).
\nf\/F, t\/T move the cursor forward\/backward to the next occurence of the target. (eg, ‘3fy’ will move the cursor to the 3rd ‘y’ to the right.)
\n; and , Repeat the last f\/F\/t\/T command in the same\/opposite direction.
\nC-e and C-y scroll the display up\/down by one line while preserving the cursor position.
\nC-u and C-d scroll the display up\/down by the specified amount of lines while preserving the cursor position. (Default: half screen-full).
\nC-b and C-f scroll the display up\/down a full screen.
\nNote:
\nEmacs style movement keys can be customized by a .screenrc command.\u00a0 (E.g. markkeys “h=^B:l=^F:$=^E”) There is no simple method for a\u00a0 full\u00a0 emacs-style
\nkeymap, as this involves multi-character codes.<\/p>\n
Marking:
\nThe copy range is specified by setting two marks. The text between these marks will be highlighted. Press:
\nspace or enter to set the first or second mark respectively. If mousetrack is set to `on’, marks can also be set using left mouse click.
\nY and y used to mark one whole line or to mark from start of line.
\nW marks exactly one word.
\nRepeat count:
\nAny of these commands can be prefixed with a repeat count number by pressing digits
\n0..9 which is taken as a repeat count.
\nExample: “C-a C-[ H 10 j 5 Y” will copy lines 11 to 15 into the paste buffer.
\nSearching:
\n\/ Vi-like search forward.
\n? Vi-like search backward.
\nC-a s Emacs style incremental search forward.
\nC-r Emacs style reverse i-search.
\nn Find next search pattern.
\nN Find previous search pattern.
\nSpecials:
\nThere are however some keys that act differently than in vi.\u00a0 Vi does not allow one to yank rectangular blocks of text, but screen does. Press:
\nc or C to set the left or right margin respectively. If no repeat count is given, both default to the current cursor position.
\nExample: Try this on a rather full text screen: “C-a [ M 20 l SPACE c 10 l 5 j C SPACE”.<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 moves\u00a0 one to the middle line of the screen, moves in 20 columns left, marks the beginning of the paste buffer, sets the left column, moves 5 col\u2010
\numns down, sets the right column, and then marks the end of the paste buffer. Now try:
\n“C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE”<\/p>\n
and notice the difference in the amount of text copied.
\nJ joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a newline character (012), lines glued seamless, lines separated by a single whitespace\u00a0 and
\ncomma separated lines. Note that you can prepend the newline character with a carriage return character, by issuing a “crlf on”.
\nv or V is for all the vi users with “:set numbers” – it toggles the left margin between column 9 and 1. Press
\na before the final space key to toggle in append mode. Thus the contents of the paste buffer will not be overwritten, but is appended to.
\nA toggles in append mode and sets a (second) mark.
\n> sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the paste buffer to the screen-exchange file (\/tmp\/screen-exchange per default) once copy-mode is fin\u2010
\nished.
\nThis example demonstrates how to dump the whole scrollback buffer to that file: “C-A [ g SPACE G $ >”.
\nC-g gives information about the current line and column.
\nx or o exchanges the first mark and the current cursor position. You can use this to adjust an already placed mark.
\nC-l (‘el’) will redraw the screen.
\n@ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode.
\nAll keys not described here exit copy mode.<\/p>\n
copy_reg [key]<\/p>\n
No longer exists, use “readreg” instead.<\/p>\n
crlf [on|off]<\/p>\n
This affects the copying of text regions with the `C-a [‘ command. If it is set to `on’, lines will be separated by the two character sequence `CR’ –\u00a0 `LF’.
\nOtherwise (default) only `LF’ is used.\u00a0 When no parameter is given, the state is toggled.<\/p>\n
debug on|off<\/p>\n
Turns\u00a0 runtime debugging on or off. If screen has been compiled with option -DDEBUG debugging available and is turned on per default. Note that this command
\nonly affects debugging output from the main “SCREEN” process correctly. Debug output from attacher processes can only be turned off once and forever.<\/p>\n
defc1 on|off<\/p>\n
Same as the c1 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `on’.<\/p>\n
defautonuke on|off<\/p>\n
Same as the autonuke command except that the default setting for new displays is changed. Initial setting is `off’.\u00a0 Note that you can use the special\u00a0 `AN’
\nterminal capability if you want to have a dependency on the terminal type.<\/p>\n
defbce on|off
\nSame as the bce command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.<\/p>\n
defbreaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK]<\/p>\n
Choose\u00a0 one of the available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. The preferred methods are tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK.\u00a0 The third, TCS\u2010
\nBRK, blocks the complete screen session for the duration of the break, but it may be the only way to generate long breaks.\u00a0 Tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK may\u00a0 or
\nmay\u00a0 not\u00a0 produce\u00a0 long\u00a0 breaks with spikes (e.g. 4 per second). This is not only system-dependent, this also differs between serial board drivers.\u00a0 Calling
\n“defbreaktype” with no parameter displays the current setting.<\/p>\n
defcharset [set]<\/p>\n
Like the charset command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Shows current default if called without argument.<\/p>\n
defescape xy<\/p>\n
Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to the “escape” except that it is useful multiuser sessions only. In\u00a0 a\u00a0 multiuser\u00a0 session\u00a0 “escape”
\nchanges the command character of the calling user, where “defescape” changes the default command characters for users that will be added later.<\/p>\n
defflow on|off|auto [interrupt]<\/p>\n
Same\u00a0 as the flow command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `auto’.\u00a0 Specifying “defflow auto interrupt” is the
\nsame as the command-line options -fa and -i.<\/p>\n
defgr on|off<\/p>\n
Same as the gr command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.<\/p>\n
defhstatus [status]<\/p>\n
The hardstatus line that all new windows will get is set to status.\u00a0 This command is useful to make the hardstatus of every window display the window number
\nor\u00a0 title\u00a0 or the like.\u00a0 Status may contain the same directives as in the window messages, but the directive escape character is ‘^E’ (octal 005) instead of
\n‘%’.\u00a0 This was done to make a misinterpretation of program generated hardstatus lines impossible.\u00a0 If the parameter status is omitted, the\u00a0 current\u00a0 default
\nstring is displayed.\u00a0 Per default the hardstatus line of new windows is empty.<\/p>\n
defencoding enc<\/p>\n
Same as the encoding command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is the encoding taken from the terminal.<\/p>\n
deflog on|off<\/p>\n
Same as the log command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.<\/p>\n
deflogin on|off<\/p>\n
Same as the login command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. This is initialized with `on’ as distributed (see config.h.in).<\/p>\n
defmode mode<\/p>\n
The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to mode.\u00a0 Mode is an octal number.\u00a0 When no “defmode” command is given, mode 0622 is used.<\/p>\n
defmonitor on|off<\/p>\n
Same as the monitor command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.<\/p>\n
defmousetrack on|off<\/p>\n
Same as the mousetrack command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.<\/p>\n
defnonblock on|off|numsecs<\/p>\n
Same as the nonblock command except that the default setting for displays is changed. Initial setting is `off’.<\/p>\n
defobuflimit limit<\/p>\n
Same\u00a0 as the obuflimit command except that the default setting for new displays is changed. Initial setting is 256 bytes.\u00a0 Note that you can use the special
\n‘OL’ terminal capability if you want to have a dependency on the terminal type.<\/p>\n
defscrollback num<\/p>\n
Same as the scrollback command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is 100.<\/p>\n
defshell command<\/p>\n
Synonym to the shell .screenrc command. See there.<\/p>\n
defsilence on|off<\/p>\n
Same as the silence command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.<\/p>\n
defslowpaste msec”<\/p>\n
Same as the slowpaste command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is 0 milliseconds, meaning `off’.<\/p>\n
defutf8 on|off<\/p>\n
Same as the utf8 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `on’ if screen\u00a0 was\u00a0 started\u00a0 with\u00a0 “-U”,\u00a0 otherwise
\n`off’.<\/p>\n
defwrap on|off<\/p>\n
Same\u00a0 as\u00a0 the\u00a0 wrap command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initially line-wrap is on and can be toggled with the “wrap” command
\n(“C-a r”) or by means of “C-a : wrap on|off”.<\/p>\n
defwritelock on|off|auto<\/p>\n
Same as the writelock command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initially writelocks will off.<\/p>\n
defzombie [keys]<\/p>\n
Synonym to the zombie command. Both currently change the default.\u00a0 See there.<\/p>\n
detach [-h]<\/p>\n
Detach the screen session (disconnect it from the terminal and put it into the background).\u00a0 This returns you to the shell\u00a0 where\u00a0 you\u00a0 invoked\u00a0 screen.\u00a0\u00a0 A
\ndetached\u00a0 screen\u00a0 can\u00a0 be resumed by invoking screen with the -r option (see also section “COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS”). The -h option tells screen to immediately
\nclose the connection to the terminal (“hangup”).<\/p>\n
dinfo<\/p>\n
Show what screen thinks about your terminal. Useful if you want to know why features like color or the alternate charset don’t work.<\/p>\n
displays<\/p>\n
Shows a tabular listing of all currently connected user front-ends (displays).\u00a0 This is most useful for multiuser sessions.\u00a0 The following keys can be\u00a0 used
\nin displays list:
\nk, C-p, or up Move up one line.
\nj, C-n, or down Move down one line.
\nC-a or home Move to the first line.
\nC-e or end Move to the last line.
\nC-u or C-d Move one half page up or down.
\nC-b or C-f Move one full page up or down.
\nmouseclick Move to the selected line. Available when “mousetrack” is set to on.
\nspace Refresh the list
\nd Detach that display
\nD Power detach that display
\nC-g, enter, or escape Exit the list<\/p>\n
The following is an example of what “displays” could look like:<\/p>\n
xterm 80×42\u00a0jnweiger@\/dev\/ttyp4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0(m11)\u00a0\u00a0 &rWx
\nfacit 80×24\u00a0mlschroe@\/dev\/ttyhf nb 11(tcsh)\u00a0\u00a0 rwx
\nxterm 80×42\u00a0jnhollma@\/dev\/ttyp5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0(m11)\u00a0\u00a0 &R.x
\n(A)\u00a0\u00a0 (B)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (C)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (D)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (E) (F)(G)\u00a0\u00a0 (H)(I)<\/p>\n
The legend is as follows:
\n(A) The terminal type known by screen for this display.
\n(B) Displays geometry as width x height.
\n(C) Username who is logged in at the display.
\n(D) Device name of the display or the attached device
\n(E) Display is in blocking or nonblocking mode. The available modes are “nb”, “NB”, “Z<“, “Z>”, and “BL”.
\n(F) Number of the window
\n(G) Name\/title of window
\n(H) Whether the window is shared
\n(I) Window permissions. Made up of three characters:
\n(1st character)
\n\u2018-\u2019 : no read
\n\u2018r\u2019 : read
\n\u2018R\u2019 : read only due to foreign wlock
\n(2nd character)
\n\u2018-\u2019 : no write
\n\u2018.\u2019 : write suppressed by foreign wlock
\n\u2018w\u2019 : write
\n\u2018W\u2019 : own wlock
\n(3rd character)
\n\u2018-\u2019 : no execute
\n\u2018x\u2019 : execute<\/p>\n
“Displays” needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and 5 characters high in order to display.<\/p>\n
digraph [preset[unicode-value]]<\/p>\n
This command prompts the user for a digraph sequence. The next two characters typed are looked up in a builtin table and the resulting character is inserted
\nin the input stream. For example, if the user enters ‘a”‘, an a-umlaut will be inserted. If the first character entered is a 0 (zero), screen will treat the
\nfollowing\u00a0 characters (up to three) as an octal number instead.\u00a0 The optional argument preset is treated as user input, thus one can create an “umlaut” key.
\nFor example the command “bindkey ^K digraph ‘”‘” enables the user to generate an a-umlaut by typing CTRL-K a.\u00a0 When a non-zero unicode-value is specified, a
\nnew digraph is created with the specified preset. The digraph is unset if a zero value is provided for the unicode-value.<\/p>\n
dumptermcap<\/p>\n
Write\u00a0 the\u00a0 termcap\u00a0 entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the currently active window to the file “.termcap” in the user’s “$HOME\/.screen” directory
\n(or wherever screen stores its sockets. See the “FILES” section below).\u00a0 This termcap entry is identical to the value of the environment\u00a0 variable\u00a0 $TERMCAP
\nthat is set up by screen for each window. For terminfo based systems you will need to run a converter like captoinfo and then compile the entry with tic.<\/p>\n
echo [-n] message<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 echo command may be used to annoy screen users with a ‘message of the day’. Typically installed in a global \/etc\/screenrc.\u00a0 The option “-n” may be used
\nto suppress the line feed.\u00a0 See also “sleep”.\u00a0 Echo is also useful for online checking of environment variables.<\/p>\n
encoding enc [enc]<\/p>\n
Tell screen how to interpret the input\/output. The first argument sets the encoding of the current window. Each window can emulate a different encoding. The
\noptional\u00a0 second\u00a0 parameter\u00a0 overwrites\u00a0 the\u00a0 encoding\u00a0 of the connected terminal. It should never be needed as screen uses the locale setting to detect the
\nencoding.\u00a0 There is also a way to select a terminal encoding depending on the terminal type by using the “KJ” termcap entry.<\/p>\n
Supported encodings are eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5, GBK, KOI8-R, CP1251, UTF-8,\u00a0 ISO8859-2,\u00a0 ISO8859-3,\u00a0 ISO8859-4,\u00a0 ISO8859-5,\u00a0 ISO8859-6,\u00a0 ISO8859-7,
\nISO8859-8, ISO8859-9, ISO8859-10, ISO8859-15, jis.<\/p>\n
See also “defencoding”, which changes the default setting of a new window.<\/p>\n
escape xy<\/p>\n
Set\u00a0 the command character to x and the character generating a literal command character (by triggering the “meta” command) to y (similar to the -e option).
\nEach argument is either a single character, a two-character sequence of the form “^x” (meaning “C-x”), a backslash followed by an octal\u00a0 number\u00a0 (specifying
\nthe ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character, such as “\\^” or “\\\\”.\u00a0 The default is “^Aa”.<\/p>\n
eval command1 [command2 \u2026]<\/p>\n
Parses and executes each argument as separate command.<\/p>\n
exec [[fdpat] newcommand [args \u2026]]<\/p>\n
Run\u00a0 a\u00a0 unix\u00a0 subprocess (specified by an executable path newcommand and its optional arguments) in the current window. The flow of data between newcommands
\nstdin\/stdout\/stderr, the process originally started in the window (let us call it “application-process”) and screen itself (window)\u00a0 is\u00a0 controlled\u00a0 by\u00a0 the
\nfile descriptor pattern fdpat.\u00a0 This pattern is basically a three character sequence representing stdin, stdout and stderr of newcommand. A dot (.) connects
\nthe file descriptor to screen.\u00a0 An exclamation mark (!) causes the file descriptor to be connected to the application-process. A colon\u00a0 (:)\u00a0 combines\u00a0 both.
\nUser\u00a0 input\u00a0 will go to newcommand unless newcommand receives the application-process’ output (fdpats first character is `!’ or `:’) or a pipe symbol (|) is
\nadded (as a fourth character) to the end of fdpat.
\nInvoking `exec’ without arguments shows name and arguments of the currently running subprocess in this window. Only one subprocess a time can be running\u00a0 in
\neach window.
\nWhen a subprocess is running the `kill’ command will affect it instead of the windows process.
\nRefer\u00a0 to\u00a0 the postscript file `doc\/fdpat.ps’ for a confusing illustration of all 21 possible combinations. Each drawing shows the digits 2,1,0 representing
\nthe three file descriptors of newcommand. The box marked `W’ is the usual pty that has the application-process on its slave side.\u00a0 The box marked `P’ is the
\nsecondary pty that now has screen at its master side.<\/p>\n
Abbreviations:
\nWhitespace\u00a0 between the word `exec’ and fdpat and the command can be omitted. Trailing dots and a fdpat consisting only of dots can be omitted. A simple `|’
\nis synonymous for the pattern `!..|’; the word exec can be omitted here and can always be replaced by `!’.<\/p>\n
Examples:<\/p>\n
exec \u2026 \/bin\/sh
\nexec \/bin\/sh
\n!\/bin\/sh<\/p>\n
Creates another shell in the same window, while the original shell is still running. Output of both shells is displayed and user input is sent\u00a0 to\u00a0 the\u00a0 new
\n\/bin\/sh.<\/p>\n
exec !.. stty 19200
\nexec ! stty 19200
\n!!stty 19200<\/p>\n
Set the speed of the window’s tty. If your stty command operates on stdout, then add another `!’.<\/p>\n
exec !..| less
\n|less<\/p>\n
This adds a pager to the window output. The special character `|’ is needed to give the user control over the pager although it gets its input from the win\u2010
\ndow’s process. This works, because less listens on stderr (a behavior that screen would not expect without the `|’) when its stdin is not a tty.\u00a0 Less\u00a0 ver\u2010
\nsions newer than 177 fail miserably here; good old pg still works.<\/p>\n
!:sed -n s\/.*Error.*\/\\007\/p<\/p>\n
Sends\u00a0 window\u00a0 output\u00a0 to\u00a0 both,\u00a0 the user and the sed command. The sed inserts an additional bell character (oct. 007) to the window output seen by screen.
\nThis will cause “Bell in window x” messages, whenever the string “Error” appears in the window.<\/p>\n
fit<\/p>\n
Change the window size to the size of the current region. This command is needed because screen doesn’t adapt the window size automatically if the window is
\ndisplayed more than once.<\/p>\n
flow [on|off|auto]<\/p>\n
Sets\u00a0 the flow-control mode for this window.\u00a0 Without parameters it cycles the current window’s flow-control setting from “automatic” to “on” to “off”.\u00a0 See
\nthe discussion on “FLOW-CONTROL” later on in this document for full details and note, that this is subject to change in future releases.\u00a0 Default is set\u00a0 by
\n`defflow’.<\/p>\n
focus [up|down|top|bottom]<\/p>\n
Move\u00a0 the input focus to the next region. This is done in a cyclic way so that the top region is selected after the bottom one. If no subcommand is given it
\ndefaults to `down’. `up’ cycles in the opposite order, `top’ and `bottom’ go to the top and bottom region respectively. Useful bindings are (j and k\u00a0 as\u00a0 in
\nvi)
\nbind j focus down
\nbind k focus up
\nbind t focus top
\nbind b focus bottom
\nNote that k is traditionally bound to the kill command.<\/p>\n
focusminsize [ ( width|max|_ ) ( height|max|_ ) ]<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 forces any currently selected region to be automatically resized at least a certain width and height. All other surrounding regions will be resized in
\norder to accommodate.\u00a0 This constraint follows everytime the “focus” command is used. The “resize” command can be used to increase\u00a0 either\u00a0 dimension\u00a0 of\u00a0 a
\nregion,\u00a0 but never below what is set with “focusminsize”. The underscore `_’ is a synonym for max. Setting a width and height of `0 0′ (zero zero) will undo
\nany constraints and allow for manual resizing.\u00a0 Without any parameters, the minimum width and height is shown.<\/p>\n
gr [on|off]<\/p>\n
Turn GR charset switching on\/off. Whenever screen sees an input character with the 8th bit set, it will use the charset stored in the GR slot and print\u00a0 the
\ncharacter with the 8th bit stripped. The default (see also “defgr”) is not to process GR switching because otherwise the ISO88591 charset would not work.<\/p>\n
group [grouptitle]<\/p>\n
Change\u00a0 or\u00a0 show\u00a0 the\u00a0 group\u00a0 the\u00a0 current window belongs to. Windows can be moved around between different groups by specifying the name of the destination
\ngroup. Without specifying a group, the title of the current group is displayed.<\/p>\n
hardcopy [-h] [file]<\/p>\n
Writes out the currently displayed image to the file file, or, if no filename is specified, to hardcopy.n in the default directory, where n is the number of
\nthe\u00a0 current\u00a0 window.\u00a0\u00a0 This\u00a0 either\u00a0 appends\u00a0 or overwrites the file if it exists. See below.\u00a0 If the option -h is specified, dump also the contents of the
\nscrollback buffer.<\/p>\n
hardcopy_append on|off<\/p>\n
If set to “on”, screen will append to the “hardcopy.n” files created by the command “C-a h”, otherwise these files are overwritten each\u00a0 time.\u00a0\u00a0 Default\u00a0 is
\n`off’.<\/p>\n
hardcopydir directory<\/p>\n
Defines a directory where hardcopy files will be placed. If unset, hardcopys are dumped in screen’s current working directory.<\/p>\n
hardstatus [on|off]
\nhardstatus [always]lastline|message|ignore [string]
\nhardstatus string [string]<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 command configures the use and emulation of the terminal’s hardstatus line. The first form toggles whether screen will use the hardware status line to
\ndisplay messages. If the flag is set to `off’, these messages are overlaid in reverse video mode at the display line. The default setting is `on’.<\/p>\n
The second form tells screen what to do if the terminal doesn’t have a hardstatus line (i.e. the termcap\/terminfo capabilities “hs”, “ts”, “fs” and “ds” are
\nnot set). If the type “lastline” is used, screen will reserve the last line of the display for the hardstatus. “message” uses screen’s message mechanism and
\n“ignore” tells screen never to display the hardstatus.\u00a0 If you prepend the word “always” to the type (e.g., “alwayslastline”), screen will use the type even
\nif the terminal supports a hardstatus.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 third\u00a0 form specifies the contents of the hardstatus line.\u00a0 ‘%h’ is used as default string, i.e., the stored hardstatus of the current window (settable
\nvia “ESC]0;<string>^G” or “ESC_<string>ESC\\”) is displayed.\u00a0 You can customize this to any string you like including the escapes from the\u00a0 “STRING\u00a0 ESCAPES”
\nchapter. If you leave out the argument string, the current string is displayed.<\/p>\n
You can mix the second and third form by providing the string as additional argument.<\/p>\n
height [-w|-d] [lines [cols]]<\/p>\n
Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no argument is given it toggles between 24 and 42 lines display. You can also specify a width if
\nyou want to change both values.\u00a0 The -w option tells screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice versa.<\/p>\n
help [-c class]<\/p>\n
Not really a online help, but displays a help screen showing you all the key bindings.\u00a0 The first pages list all the internal\u00a0 commands\u00a0 followed\u00a0 by\u00a0 their
\ncurrent\u00a0 bindings.\u00a0\u00a0 Subsequent\u00a0 pages\u00a0 will display the custom commands, one command per key.\u00a0 Press space when you’re done reading each page, or return to
\nexit early.\u00a0 All other characters are ignored. If the “-c” option is given, display all bound commands for the specified command class.\u00a0 See\u00a0 also\u00a0 “DEFAULT
\nKEY BINDINGS” section.<\/p>\n
history<\/p>\n
Usually\u00a0 users\u00a0 work\u00a0 with\u00a0 a shell that allows easy access to previous commands.\u00a0 For example csh has the command “!!” to repeat the last command executed.
\nScreen allows you to have a primitive way of re-calling “the command that started \u2026”: You just type the first letter of that command, then hit `C-a\u00a0 {‘\u00a0 and
\nscreen tries to find a previous line that matches with the `prompt character’ to the left of the cursor. This line is pasted into this window’s input queue.
\nThus you have a crude command history (made up by the visible window and its scrollback buffer).<\/p>\n
hstatus status<\/p>\n
Change the window’s hardstatus line to the string status.<\/p>\n
idle [timeout [cmd args]]<\/p>\n
Sets a command that is run after the specified number of seconds inactivity is reached. This command will normally be the\u00a0 “blanker”\u00a0 command\u00a0 to\u00a0 create\u00a0 a
\nscreen\u00a0 blanker, but it can be any screen command.\u00a0 If no command is specified, only the timeout is set. A timeout of zero (or the special timeout off) dis\u2010
\nables the timer.\u00a0 If no arguments are given, the current settings are displayed.<\/p>\n
ignorecase [on|off]<\/p>\n
Tell screen to ignore the case of characters in searches. Default is `off’. Without any options, the state of ignorecase is toggled.<\/p>\n
info<\/p>\n
Uses the message line to display some information about the current window: the cursor position in the form “(column,row)” starting with “(1,1)”, the termi\u2010
\nnal\u00a0 width and height plus the size of the scrollback buffer in lines, like in “(80,24)+50”, the current state of window XON\/XOFF flow control is shown like
\nthis (See also section FLOW CONTROL):<\/p>\n
+flow\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 automatic flow control, currently on.
\n-flow\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 automatic flow control, currently off.
\n+(+)flow\u00a0 flow control enabled. Agrees with automatic control.
\n-(+)flow\u00a0 flow control disabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
\n+(-)flow\u00a0 flow control enabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
\n-(-)flow\u00a0 flow control disabled. Agrees with automatic control.<\/p>\n
The current line wrap setting (`+wrap’ indicates enabled, `-wrap’ not) is also shown. The flags `ins’, `org’, `app’, `log’, `mon’ or `nored’\u00a0 are\u00a0 displayed
\nwhen the window is in insert mode, origin mode, application-keypad mode, has output logging, activity monitoring or partial redraw enabled.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 currently active character set (G0, G1, G2, or G3) and in square brackets the terminal character sets that are currently designated as G0 through G3 is
\nshown. If the window is in UTF-8 mode, the string “UTF-8” is shown instead.<\/p>\n
Additional modes depending on the type of the window are displayed at the end of the status line (See also chapter “WINDOW TYPES”).
\nIf the state machine of the terminal emulator is in a non-default state, the info line is started with a string identifying the current state.
\nFor system information use the “time” command.<\/p>\n
ins_reg [key]<\/p>\n
No longer exists, use “paste” instead.<\/p>\n
kill<\/p>\n
Kill current window.
\nIf there is an `exec’ command running then it is killed. Otherwise the process (shell) running in the window receives a HANGUP condition, the window\u00a0 struc\u2010
\nture is removed and screen (your display) switches to another window.\u00a0 When the last window is destroyed, screen exits.\u00a0 After a kill screen switches to the
\npreviously displayed window.
\nNote: Emacs users should keep this command in mind, when killing a line.\u00a0 It is recommended not to use “C-a” as the screen escape key or to rebind\u00a0 kill\u00a0 to
\n“C-a K”.<\/p>\n
lastmsg<\/p>\n
Redisplay the last contents of the message\/status line.\u00a0 Useful if you’re typing when a message appears, because\u00a0 the message goes away when you press a key
\n(unless your terminal has a hardware status line).\u00a0 Refer to the commands “msgwait” and “msgminwait” for fine tuning.<\/p>\n
layout new [title]<\/p>\n
Create a new layout. The screen will change to one whole region and be switched to the blank window. From here, you build the regions and the\u00a0 windows\u00a0 they
\nshow\u00a0 as\u00a0 you\u00a0 desire.\u00a0 The new layout will be numbered with the smallest available integer, starting with zero. You can optionally give a title to your new
\nlayout.\u00a0 Otherwise, it will have a default title of “layout”. You can always change the title later by using the command layout title.<\/p>\n
layout remove [n|title]<\/p>\n
Remove, or in other words, delete the specified layout. Either the number or the title can be specified. Without either specification,\u00a0 screen\u00a0 will\u00a0 remove
\nthe current layout.<\/p>\n
Removing a layout does not affect your set windows or regions.<\/p>\n
layout next<\/p>\n
Switch to the next layout available<\/p>\n
layout prev<\/p>\n
Switch to the previous layout available<\/p>\n
layout select [n|title]<\/p>\n
Select\u00a0 the\u00a0 desired\u00a0 layout.\u00a0 Either\u00a0 the\u00a0 number\u00a0 or\u00a0 the title can be specified. Without either specification, screen will prompt and ask which screen is
\ndesired. To see which layouts are available, use the layout show command.<\/p>\n
layout show<\/p>\n
List on the message line the number(s) and title(s) of the available layout(s). The current layout is flagged.<\/p>\n
layout title [title]<\/p>\n
Change or display the title of the current layout. A string given will be used to name the layout. Without any options, the current title and number is dis\u2010
\nplayed on the message line.<\/p>\n
layout number [n]<\/p>\n
Change or display the number of the current layout. An integer given will be used to number the layout. Without any options, the current number and title is
\ndisplayed on the message line.<\/p>\n
layout attach [title|:last]<\/p>\n
Change or display which layout to reattach back to. The default is :last, which tells screen to reattach back to the last used layout\u00a0 just\u00a0 before\u00a0 detach\u2010
\nment.\u00a0 By supplying a title, You can instruct screen to reattach to a particular layout regardless which one was used at the time of detachment. Without any
\noptions, the layout to reattach to will be shown in the message line.<\/p>\n
layout save [n|title]<\/p>\n
Remember the current arrangement of regions. When used, screen will remember the arrangement of vertically and horizontally split regions. This\u00a0 arrangement
\nis\u00a0 restored\u00a0 when\u00a0 a\u00a0 screen\u00a0 session\u00a0 is\u00a0 reattached\u00a0 or switched back from a different layout. If the session ends or the screen process dies, the layout
\narrangements are lost. The layout dump command should help in this siutation. If a number or title is supplied, screen will remember the arrangement of that
\nparticular layout. Without any options, screen will remember the current layout.<\/p>\n
Saving your regions can be done automatically by using the layout autosave command.<\/p>\n
layout autosave [on|off]<\/p>\n
Change\u00a0 or\u00a0 display\u00a0 the\u00a0 status\u00a0 of\u00a0 automatcally\u00a0 saving layouts. The default is on, meaning when screen is detached or changed to a different layout, the
\narrangement of regions and windows will be remembered at the time of change and restored upon return.\u00a0 If autosave is set to off, that arrangement will only
\nbe\u00a0 restored to either to the last manual save, using layout save, or to when the layout was first created, to a single region with a single window. Without
\neither an on or off, the current status is displayed on the message line.<\/p>\n
layout dump [filename]<\/p>\n
Write to a file the order of splits made in the current layout. This is useful to recreate the order of your regions used in your current layout.\u00a0 Only\u00a0 the
\ncurrent\u00a0 layout\u00a0 is recorded. While the order of the regions are recorded, the sizes of those regions and which windows correspond to which regions are not.
\nIf no filename is specified, the default is layout-dump, saved in the directory that the screen process was started in. If the file already\u00a0 exists,\u00a0 layout
\ndump will append to that file. As an example:<\/p>\n
C-a : layout dump \/home\/user\/.screenrc<\/p>\n
will save or append the layout to the user’s .screenrc file.<\/p>\n
license<\/p>\n
Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever screen is started without options, which should be often enough. See also the “startup_message” command.<\/p>\n
lockscreen<\/p>\n
Lock\u00a0 this\u00a0 display.\u00a0\u00a0 Call a screenlock program (\/local\/bin\/lck or \/usr\/bin\/lock or a builtin if no other is available). Screen does not accept any command
\nkeys until this program terminates. Meanwhile processes in the windows may continue, as the windows are in the `detached’ state. The screenlock program\u00a0 may
\nbe\u00a0 changed\u00a0 through the environment variable $LOCKPRG (which must be set in the shell from which screen is started) and is executed with the user’s uid and
\ngid.
\nWarning: When you leave other shells unlocked and you have no password set on screen, the lock is void: One could easily re-attach from an\u00a0 unlocked\u00a0 shell.
\nThis feature should rather be called `lockterminal’.<\/p>\n
log [on|off]<\/p>\n
Start\/stop writing output of the current window to a file “screenlog.n” in the window’s default directory, where n is the number of the current window. This
\nfilename can be changed with the `logfile’ command. If no parameter is given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is appended to\u00a0 the\u00a0 previous
\ncontents\u00a0 of the file if it already exists. The current contents and the contents of the scrollback history are not included in the session log.\u00a0 Default is
\n`off’.<\/p>\n
logfile filename
\nlogfile flush secs<\/p>\n
Defines the name the log files will get. The default is “screenlog.%n”. The second form changes the number of seconds screen will wait before\u00a0 flushing\u00a0 the
\nlogfile buffer to the file-system. The default value is 10 seconds.<\/p>\n
login [on|off]<\/p>\n
Adds\u00a0 or\u00a0 removes\u00a0 the entry in the utmp database file for the current window.\u00a0 This controls if the window is `logged in’.\u00a0 When no parameter is given, the
\nlogin state of the window is toggled.\u00a0 Additionally to that toggle, it is convenient having a `log in’ and a `log out’ key. E.g. `bind I login on’ and `bind
\nO\u00a0 login\u00a0 off’\u00a0 will map these keys to be C-a I and C-a O.\u00a0 The default setting (in config.h.in) should be “on” for a screen that runs under suid-root.\u00a0 Use
\nthe “deflogin” command to change the default login state for new windows. Both commands are only present when screen has been compiled with utmp support.<\/p>\n
logtstamp [on|off]
\nlogtstamp after [secs]
\nlogtstamp string [string]<\/p>\n
This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of screen.\u00a0 If time-stamps are turned “on”, screen adds a string containing the current time to the\u00a0 log\u2010
\nfile\u00a0 after\u00a0 two\u00a0 minutes\u00a0 of inactivity.\u00a0 When output continues and more than another two minutes have passed, a second time-stamp is added to document the
\nrestart of the output. You can change this timeout with the second form of the command. The third form is used for customizing the\u00a0 time-stamp\u00a0 string\u00a0 (`–
\n%n:%t — time-stamp — %M\/%d\/%y %c:%s –\\n’ by default).<\/p>\n
mapdefault<\/p>\n
Tell screen that the next input character should only be looked up in the default bindkey table. See also “bindkey”.<\/p>\n
mapnotnext<\/p>\n
Like mapdefault, but don’t even look in the default bindkey table.<\/p>\n
maptimeout [timeout]<\/p>\n
Set\u00a0 the inter-character timer for input sequence detection to a timeout of timeout ms. The default timeout is 300ms. Maptimeout with no arguments shows the
\ncurrent setting.\u00a0 See also “bindkey”.<\/p>\n
markkeys string<\/p>\n
This is a method of changing the keymap used for copy\/history mode.\u00a0 The string is made up of oldchar=newchar pairs which are separated by `:’. Example: The
\nstring\u00a0 “B=^B:F=^F” will change the keys `C-b’ and `C-f’ to the vi style binding (scroll up\/down fill page).\u00a0 This happens to be the default binding for `B’
\nand `F’.\u00a0 The command “markkeys h=^B:l=^F:$=^E” would set the mode for an emacs-style binding.\u00a0 If your terminal sends characters, that cause you\u00a0 to\u00a0 abort
\ncopy\u00a0 mode, then this command may help by binding these characters to do nothing.\u00a0 The no-op character is `@’ and is used like this: “markkeys @=L=H” if you
\ndo not want to use the `H’ or `L’ commands any longer.\u00a0 As shown in this example, multiple keys can be assigned to one function in a single statement.<\/p>\n
maxwin num<\/p>\n
Set the maximum window number screen will create. Doesn’t affect already existing windows. The number can be increased only when there are no existing\u00a0 win\u2010
\ndows.<\/p>\n
meta<\/p>\n
Insert the command character (C-a) in the current window’s input stream.<\/p>\n
monitor [on|off]<\/p>\n
Toggles\u00a0 activity monitoring of windows.\u00a0 When monitoring is turned on and an affected window is switched into the background, you will receive the activity
\nnotification message in the status line at the first sign of output and the window will also be marked with an `@’ in the window-status display.\u00a0 Monitoring
\nis initially off for all windows.<\/p>\n
mousetrack [on|off]<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 command\u00a0 determines\u00a0 whether\u00a0 screen\u00a0 will\u00a0 watch\u00a0 for mouse clicks. When this command is enabled, regions that have been split in various ways can be
\nselected by pointing to them with a mouse and left-clicking them. Without specifying on or off, the current state is displayed. The default state is\u00a0 deter\u2010
\nmined by the “defmousetrack” command.<\/p>\n
msgminwait sec<\/p>\n
Defines the time screen delays a new message when one message is currently displayed.\u00a0 The default is 1 second.<\/p>\n
msgwait sec<\/p>\n
Defines the time a message is displayed if screen is not disturbed by other activity. The default is 5 seconds.<\/p>\n
multiuser on|off<\/p>\n
Switch\u00a0 between\u00a0 singleuser\u00a0 and\u00a0 multiuser\u00a0 mode.\u00a0 Standard screen operation is singleuser. In multiuser mode the commands `acladd’, `aclchg’, `aclgrp’ and
\n`acldel’ can be used to enable (and disable) other users accessing this screen session.<\/p>\n
nethack on|off<\/p>\n
Changes the kind of error messages used by screen.\u00a0 When you are familiar with the game “nethack”, you may enjoy the nethack-style messages which will often
\nblur the facts a little, but are much funnier to read. Anyway, standard messages often tend to be unclear as well.
\nThis\u00a0 option\u00a0 is only available if screen was compiled with the NETHACK flag defined. The default setting is then determined by the presence of the environ\u2010
\nment variable $NETHACKOPTIONS and the file ~\/.nethackrc – if either one is present, the default is on.<\/p>\n
next<\/p>\n
Switch to the next window.\u00a0 This command can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows.<\/p>\n
nonblock [on|off|numsecs]<\/p>\n
Tell screen how to deal with user interfaces (displays) that cease to accept output. This can happen if a user presses ^S or a TCP\/modem connection gets cut
\nbut\u00a0 no hangup is received. If nonblock is off (this is the default) screen waits until the display restarts to accept the output. If nonblock is on, screen
\nwaits until the timeout is reached (on is treated as 1s). If the display still doesn’t receive characters, screen will consider it “blocked” and stop\u00a0 send\u2010
\ning characters to it. If at some time it restarts to accept characters, screen will unblock the display and redisplay the updated window contents.<\/p>\n
number [[+|-]n]<\/p>\n
Change\u00a0 the\u00a0 current window’s number. If the given number n is already used by another window, both windows exchange their numbers. If no argument is speci\u2010
\nfied, the current window number (and title) is shown. Using `+’ or `-‘ will change the window’s number by the relative amount specified.<\/p>\n
obuflimit [limit]<\/p>\n
If the output buffer contains more bytes than the specified limit, no more data will be read from the windows. The default value is 256. If you have a\u00a0 fast
\ndisplay (like xterm), you can set it to some higher value. If no argument is specified, the current setting is displayed.<\/p>\n
only<\/p>\n
Kill all regions but the current one.<\/p>\n
other<\/p>\n
Switch to the window displayed previously. If this window does no longer exist, other has the same effect as next.<\/p>\n
partial on|off<\/p>\n
Defines whether the display should be refreshed (as with redisplay) after switching to the current window. This command only affects the current window.\u00a0 To
\nimmediately affect all windows use the allpartial command.\u00a0 Default is `off’, of course.\u00a0 This default is fixed, as there is currently\u00a0 no\u00a0 defpartial\u00a0 com\u2010
\nmand.<\/p>\n
password [crypted_pw]
\nPresent\u00a0 a\u00a0 crypted password in your “.screenrc” file and screen will ask for it, whenever someone attempts to resume a detached. This is useful if you have
\nprivileged programs running under screen and you want to protect your session from reattach attempts by another user masquerading\u00a0 as\u00a0 your\u00a0 uid\u00a0 (i.e.\u00a0 any
\nsuperuser.)\u00a0\u00a0 If\u00a0 no\u00a0 crypted\u00a0 password\u00a0 is specified, screen prompts twice for typing a password and places its encryption in the paste buffer.\u00a0 Default is
\n`none’, this disables password checking.<\/p>\n
paste [registers [dest_reg]]<\/p>\n
Write the (concatenated) contents of the specified registers to the stdin queue of the current window. The register ‘.’ is treated as the paste\u00a0 buffer.\u00a0 If
\nno\u00a0 parameter\u00a0 is\u00a0 given\u00a0 the\u00a0 user is prompted for a single register to paste.\u00a0 The paste buffer can be filled with the copy, history and readbuf commands.
\nOther registers can be filled with the register, readreg and paste commands.\u00a0 If paste is called with a second argument, the contents of the specified\u00a0 reg\u2010
\nisters\u00a0 is pasted into the named destination register rather than the window. If ‘.’ is used as the second argument, the displays paste buffer is the desti\u2010
\nnation.\u00a0 Note, that “paste” uses a wide variety of resources: Whenever a second argument is specified no current window is needed. When the source\u00a0 specifi\u2010
\ncation\u00a0 only contains registers (not the paste buffer) then there need not be a current display (terminal attached), as the registers are a global resource.
\nThe paste buffer exists once for every user.<\/p>\n
pastefont [on|off]<\/p>\n
Tell screen to include font information in the paste buffer. The default is not to do so. This command is especially useful for multi character\u00a0 fonts\u00a0 like
\nkanji.<\/p>\n
pow_break<\/p>\n
Reopen the window’s terminal line and send a break condition. See `break’.<\/p>\n
pow_detach<\/p>\n
Power\u00a0 detach.\u00a0\u00a0 Mainly\u00a0 the\u00a0 same\u00a0 as\u00a0 detach, but also sends a HANGUP signal to the parent process of screen.\u00a0 CAUTION: This will result in a logout, when
\nscreen was started from your login-shell.<\/p>\n
pow_detach_msg [message]<\/p>\n
The message specified here is output whenever a `Power detach’ was performed. It may be used as a replacement for a logout message or to\u00a0 reset\u00a0 baud\u00a0 rate,
\netc.\u00a0 Without parameter, the current message is shown.<\/p>\n
prev<\/p>\n
Switch to the window with the next lower number.\u00a0 This command can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows.<\/p>\n
printcmd [cmd]<\/p>\n
If\u00a0 cmd\u00a0 is\u00a0 not\u00a0 an empty string, screen will not use the terminal capabilities “po\/pf” if it detects an ansi print sequence ESC [ 5 i, but pipe the output
\ninto cmd.\u00a0 This should normally be a command like “lpr” or “‘cat > \/tmp\/scrprint'”.\u00a0 printcmd without a command displays\u00a0 the\u00a0 current\u00a0 setting.\u00a0\u00a0 The\u00a0 ansi
\nsequence ESC \\ ends printing and closes the pipe.
\nWarning: Be careful with this command! If other user have write access to your terminal, they will be able to fire off print commands.<\/p>\n
process [key]<\/p>\n
Stuff\u00a0 the contents of the specified register into screen’s input queue. If no argument is given you are prompted for a register name. The text is parsed as
\nif it had been typed in from the user’s keyboard. This command can be used to bind multiple actions to a single key.<\/p>\n
quit<\/p>\n
Kill all windows and terminate screen.\u00a0 Note that on VT100-style terminals the keys C-4 and C-\\ are identical.\u00a0 This makes the default\u00a0 bindings\u00a0 dangerous:
\nBe careful not to type C-a C-4 when selecting window no. 4.\u00a0 Use the empty bind command (as in “bind ‘^\\'”) to remove a key binding.<\/p>\n
readbuf [-e encoding] [filename]<\/p>\n
Reads\u00a0 the\u00a0 contents of the specified file into the paste buffer.\u00a0 You can tell screen the encoding of the file via the -e option.\u00a0 If no file is specified,
\nthe screen-exchange filename is used.\u00a0 See also “bufferfile” command.<\/p>\n
readreg [-e encoding] [register [filename]]<\/p>\n
Does one of two things, dependent on number of arguments: with zero or one arguments it it duplicates the paste buffer contents into the register\u00a0 specified
\nor\u00a0 entered at the prompt. With two arguments it reads the contents of the named file into the register, just as readbuf reads the screen-exchange file into
\nthe paste buffer.\u00a0 You can tell screen the encoding of the file via the -e option.\u00a0 The following example will paste the system’s\u00a0 password\u00a0 file\u00a0 into\u00a0 the
\nscreen window (using register p, where a copy remains):<\/p>\n
C-a : readreg p \/etc\/passwd
\nC-a : paste p
\nredisplay<\/p>\n
Redisplay the current window. Needed to get a full redisplay when in partial redraw mode.<\/p>\n
register [-e encoding] key string<\/p>\n
Save the specified string to the register key.\u00a0 The encoding of the string can be specified via the -e option.\u00a0 See also the “paste” command.<\/p>\n
remove<\/p>\n
Kill the current region. This is a no-op if there is only one region.<\/p>\n
removebuf<\/p>\n
Unlinks the screen-exchange file used by the commands “writebuf” and “readbuf”.<\/p>\n
rendition bell | monitor | silence | so attr [color]<\/p>\n
Change\u00a0 the\u00a0 way\u00a0 screen\u00a0 renders the titles of windows that have monitor or bell flags set in caption or hardstatus or windowlist. See the “STRING ESCAPES”
\nchapter for the syntax of the modifiers.\u00a0 The default for monitor is currently “=b ” (bold, active colors), for bell “=ub ” (underline, bold and active col\u2010
\nors), and “=u ” for silence.<\/p>\n
reset<\/p>\n
Reset\u00a0 the\u00a0 virtual\u00a0 terminal\u00a0 to\u00a0 its “power-on” values. Useful when strange settings (like scroll regions or graphics character set) are left over from an
\napplication.<\/p>\n
resize<\/p>\n
Resize the current region. The space will be removed from or added to the region below or if there’s not enough space from the region above.<\/p>\n
resize +N\u00a0\u00a0 increase current region height by N<\/p>\n
resize -N\u00a0\u00a0 decrease current region height by N<\/p>\n
resize\u00a0 N\u00a0\u00a0 set current region height to N<\/p>\n
resize\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 make all windows equally high<\/p>\n
resize\u00a0 max maximize current region height<\/p>\n
resize\u00a0 min minimize current region height<\/p>\n
screen [-opts] [n] [cmd [args]|\/\/group]<\/p>\n
Establish a new window.\u00a0 The flow-control options (-f, -fn and -fa), title (a.k.a.) option (-t), login options (-l and\u00a0 -ln)\u00a0 ,\u00a0 terminal\u00a0 type\u00a0 option\u00a0 (-T
\n<term>),\u00a0 the\u00a0 all-capability-flag\u00a0 (-a)\u00a0 and scrollback option (-h <num>) may be specified with each command.\u00a0 The option (-M) turns monitoring on for this
\nwindow.\u00a0 The option (-L) turns output logging on for this window.\u00a0 If an optional number n in the range\u00a0 0..MAXWIN-1\u00a0 is\u00a0 given,\u00a0 the\u00a0 window\u00a0 number\u00a0 n\u00a0 is
\nassigned to the newly created window (or, if this number is already in-use, the next available number).\u00a0 If a command is specified after “screen”, this com\u2010
\nmand (with the given arguments) is started in the window; otherwise, a shell is created.\u00a0 If \/\/group is supplied, a\u00a0 container-type\u00a0 window\u00a0 is\u00a0 created\u00a0 in
\nwhich other windows may be created inside it.<\/p>\n
Thus, if your “.screenrc” contains the lines<\/p>\n
# example for .screenrc:
\nscreen 1
\nscreen -fn -t foobar -L 2 telnet foobar<\/p>\n
screen\u00a0 creates\u00a0 a shell window (in window #1) and a window with a TELNET connection to the machine foobar (with no flow-control using the title “foobar” in
\nwindow #2) and will write a logfile (“screenlog.2”) of the telnet session.\u00a0 Note, that unlike previous versions of screen no additional\u00a0 default\u00a0 window\u00a0 is
\ncreated\u00a0 when “screen” commands are included in your “.screenrc” file. When the initialization is completed, screen switches to the last window specified in
\nyour .screenrc file or, if none, opens a default window #0.
\nScreen has built in some functionality of “cu” and “telnet”.\u00a0 See also chapter “WINDOW TYPES”.<\/p>\n
scrollback num
\nSet the size of the scrollback buffer for the current windows to num lines. The default scrollback is 100 lines.\u00a0 See also the “defscrollback”\u00a0 command\u00a0 and
\nuse “info” to view the current setting. To access and use the contents in the scrollback buffer, use the “copy” command.<\/p>\n
select [WindowID]<\/p>\n
Switch\u00a0 to\u00a0 the\u00a0 window\u00a0 identified\u00a0 by\u00a0 WindowID.\u00a0\u00a0 This can be a prefix of a window title (alphanumeric window name) or a window number.\u00a0 The parameter is
\noptional and if omitted, you get prompted for an identifier.\u00a0 When a new window is established, the first available\u00a0 number\u00a0 is\u00a0 assigned\u00a0 to\u00a0 this\u00a0 window.
\nThus,\u00a0 the\u00a0 first\u00a0 window\u00a0 can\u00a0 be\u00a0 activated\u00a0 by “select 0”.\u00a0 The number of windows is limited at compile-time by the MAXWIN configuration parameter (which
\ndefaults to 40).\u00a0 There are two special WindowIDs, “-” selects the internal blank window and “.” selects the current window. The latter is\u00a0 useful\u00a0 if\u00a0 used
\nwith screen’s “-X” option.<\/p>\n
sessionname [name]<\/p>\n
Rename\u00a0 the\u00a0 current\u00a0 session. Note, that for “screen -list” the name shows up with the process-id prepended. If the argument “name” is omitted, the name of
\nthis session is displayed. Caution: The $STY environment variables will still reflect the old name in pre-existing shells. This may result in confusion. Use
\nof\u00a0 this\u00a0 command is generally discouraged. Use the “-S” command-line option if you want to name a new session.\u00a0 The default is constructed from the tty and
\nhost names.<\/p>\n
setenv [var [string]]<\/p>\n
Set the environment variable var to value string.\u00a0 If only var is specified, the user will be prompted to enter a value.\u00a0 If no\u00a0 parameters\u00a0 are\u00a0 specified,
\nthe user will be prompted for both variable and value. The environment is inherited by all subsequently forked shells.<\/p>\n
setsid [on|off]<\/p>\n
Normally screen uses different sessions and process groups for the windows. If setsid is turned off, this is not done anymore and all windows will be in the
\nsame process group as the screen backend process. This also breaks job-control, so be careful.\u00a0 The default is on, of course. This command is probably\u00a0 use\u2010
\nful only in rare circumstances.<\/p>\n
shell command<\/p>\n
Set\u00a0 the command to be used to create a new shell.\u00a0 This overrides the value of the environment variable $SHELL.\u00a0 This is useful if you’d like to run a tty-
\nenhancer which is expecting to execute the program specified in $SHELL.\u00a0 If the command begins with a ‘-‘ character, the shell will be started as\u00a0 a\u00a0 login-
\nshell.\u00a0 Typical\u00a0 shells\u00a0 do\u00a0 only\u00a0 minimal initialization when not started as a login-shell.\u00a0 E.g. Bash will not read your “~\/.bashrc” unless it is a login-
\nshell.<\/p>\n
shelltitle title<\/p>\n
Set the title for all shells created during startup or by the C-A C-c command.\u00a0 For details about what a title is, see the discussion entitled “TITLES (nam\u2010
\ning windows)”.<\/p>\n
silence [on|off|sec]<\/p>\n
Toggles silence monitoring of windows.\u00a0 When silence is turned on and an affected window is switched into the background, you will receive the silence noti\u2010
\nfication message in the status line after a specified period of inactivity (silence). The default timeout can be changed with the `silencewait’\u00a0 command\u00a0 or
\nby specifying a number of seconds instead of `on’ or `off’.\u00a0 Silence is initially off for all windows.<\/p>\n
silencewait sec<\/p>\n
Define the time that all windows monitored for silence should wait before displaying a message. Default 30 seconds.<\/p>\n
sleep num<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 command will pause the execution of a .screenrc file for num seconds.\u00a0 Keyboard activity will end the sleep.\u00a0 It may be used to give users a chance to
\nread the messages output by “echo”.<\/p>\n
slowpaste msec<\/p>\n
Define the speed at which text is inserted into the current window by the paste (“C-a ]”) command.\u00a0 If the slowpaste value is nonzero text is written\u00a0 char\u2010
\nacter by character.\u00a0 screen will make a pause of msec milliseconds after each single character write to allow the application to process its input. Only use
\nslowpaste if your underlying system exposes flow control problems while pasting large amounts of text.<\/p>\n
source file<\/p>\n
Read and execute commands from file file. Source commands may be nested to a maximum recursion level of ten. If file is not an absolute path and\u00a0 screen\u00a0 is
\nalready processing a source command, the parent directory of the running source command file is used to search for the new command file before screen’s cur\u2010
\nrent directory.<\/p>\n
Note that termcap\/terminfo\/termcapinfo commands only work at startup and reattach time, so they must be reached via the default screenrc files\u00a0 to\u00a0 have\u00a0 an
\neffect.<\/p>\n
sorendition [attr [color]]<\/p>\n
This command is deprecated. See “rendition so” instead.<\/p>\n
split [-v]<\/p>\n
Split the current region into two new ones. All regions on the display are resized to make room for the new region. The blank window is displayed on the new
\nregion. Splits are made horizontally unless -v is used. Use the “remove” or the “only” command to delete regions. Use “focus” to toggle between regions.<\/p>\n
startup_message on|off<\/p>\n
Select whether you want to see the copyright notice during startup.\u00a0 Default is `on’, as you probably noticed.<\/p>\n
stuff [string]<\/p>\n
Stuff the string string in the input buffer of the current window.\u00a0 This is like the “paste” command but with much\u00a0 less\u00a0 overhead.\u00a0\u00a0 Without\u00a0 a\u00a0 parameter,
\nscreen will prompt for a string to stuff.\u00a0 You cannot paste large buffers with the “stuff” command. It is most useful for key bindings. See also “bindkey”.<\/p>\n
su [username [password [password2]]]<\/p>\n
Substitute\u00a0 the user of a display. The command prompts for all parameters that are omitted. If passwords are specified as parameters, they have to be speci\u2010
\nfied un-crypted. The first password is matched against the systems passwd database, the second password is matched against the screen password as\u00a0 set\u00a0 with
\nthe commands “acladd” or “password”.\u00a0 “Su” may be useful for the screen administrator to test multiuser setups.\u00a0 When the identification fails, the user has
\naccess to the commands available for user nobody.\u00a0 These are “detach”, “license”, “version”, “help” and “displays”.<\/p>\n
suspend<\/p>\n
Suspend screen.\u00a0 The windows are in the `detached’ state, while screen is suspended. This feature relies on the shell being able to do job control.<\/p>\n
term term<\/p>\n
In each window’s environment screen opens, the $TERM variable is set to “screen” by default.\u00a0 But when no description for “screen” is installed in the local
\ntermcap or terminfo data base, you set $TERM to – say – “vt100”. This won’t do much harm, as screen is VT100\/ANSI compatible.\u00a0 The use of the “term” command
\nis discouraged for non-default purpose.\u00a0 That is, one may want to specify special $TERM settings (e.g. vt100) for the next “screen rlogin othermachine” com\u2010
\nmand. Use the command “screen -T vt100 rlogin othermachine” rather than setting and resetting the default.<\/p>\n
termcap term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]
\nterminfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]
\ntermcapinfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]<\/p>\n
Use\u00a0 this\u00a0 command to modify your terminal’s termcap entry without going through all the hassles involved in creating a custom termcap entry.\u00a0 Plus, you can
\noptionally customize the termcap generated for the windows.\u00a0 You have to place these commands in one of the screenrc startup files, as they are\u00a0 meaningless
\nonce the terminal emulator is booted.
\nIf your system works uses the terminfo database rather than termcap, screen will understand the `terminfo’ command, which has the same effects as the `term\u2010
\ncap’ command.\u00a0 Two separate commands are provided, as there are subtle syntactic differences, e.g. when parameter interpolation\u00a0 (using\u00a0 `%’)\u00a0 is\u00a0 required.
\nNote that termcap names of the capabilities have to be used with the `terminfo’ command.
\nIn\u00a0 many\u00a0 cases,\u00a0 where\u00a0 the arguments are valid in both terminfo and termcap syntax, you can use the command `termcapinfo’, which is just a shorthand for a
\npair of `termcap’ and `terminfo’ commands with identical arguments.<\/p>\n
The first argument specifies which terminal(s) should be affected by this definition.\u00a0 You can specify multiple terminal names by separating them with `|’s.
\nUse `*’ to match all terminals and `vt*’ to match all terminals that begin with “vt”.<\/p>\n
Each\u00a0 tweak\u00a0 argument contains one or more termcap defines (separated by `:’s) to be inserted at the start of the appropriate termcap entry, enhancing it or
\noverriding existing values.\u00a0 The first tweak modifies your terminal’s termcap, and contains definitions that your terminal uses\u00a0 to\u00a0 perform\u00a0 certain\u00a0 func\u2010
\ntions.\u00a0\u00a0 Specify\u00a0 a null string to leave this unchanged (e.g. ”).\u00a0 The second (optional) tweak modifies all the window termcaps, and should contain defini\u2010
\ntions that screen understands (see the “VIRTUAL TERMINAL” section).<\/p>\n
Some examples:<\/p>\n
termcap xterm*\u00a0 LP:hs@<\/p>\n
Informs screen that all terminals that begin with `xterm’ have firm auto-margins that allow the last position on the screen to be\u00a0 updated\u00a0 (LP),\u00a0 but\u00a0 they
\ndon’t\u00a0 really have a status line (no ‘hs’ – append `@’ to turn entries off).\u00a0 Note that we assume `LP’ for all terminal names that start with “vt”, but only
\nif you don’t specify a termcap command for that terminal.<\/p>\n
termcap vt*\u00a0 LP
\ntermcap vt102|vt220\u00a0 Z0=\\E[?3h:Z1=\\E[?3l<\/p>\n
Specifies the firm-margined `LP’ capability for all terminals that begin with `vt’, and the second line will also add the escape-sequences\u00a0 to\u00a0 switch\u00a0 into
\n(Z0)\u00a0 and\u00a0 back\u00a0 out of (Z1) 132-character-per-line mode if this is a VT102 or VT220.\u00a0 (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termcap to use the width-changing
\ncommands.)<\/p>\n
termcap vt100\u00a0 “”\u00a0 l0=PF1:l1=PF2:l2=PF3:l3=PF4<\/p>\n
This leaves your vt100 termcap alone and adds the function key labels to each window’s termcap entry.<\/p>\n
termcap h19|z19\u00a0\u00a0am@:im=\\E@:ei=\\EO\u00a0 dc=\\E[P<\/p>\n
Takes a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins (am@) and enables the insert mode (im) and end-insert (ei) capabilities (the `@’ in the `im’ string is
\nafter\u00a0 the\u00a0 `=’,\u00a0 so\u00a0 it\u00a0 is\u00a0 part of the string).\u00a0 Having the `im’ and `ei’ definitions put into your terminal’s termcap will cause screen to automatically
\nadvertise the character-insert capability in each window’s termcap.\u00a0 Each window will also get the delete-character capability (dc) added\u00a0 to\u00a0 its\u00a0 termcap,
\nwhich screen will translate into a line-update for the terminal (we’re pretending it doesn’t support character deletion).<\/p>\n
If\u00a0 you would like to fully specify each window’s termcap entry, you should instead set the $SCREENCAP variable prior to running screen.\u00a0 See the discussion
\non the “VIRTUAL TERMINAL” in this manual, and the termcap(5) man page for more information on termcap definitions.<\/p>\n
time [string]<\/p>\n
Uses the message line to display the time of day, the host name, and the load averages over 1, 5, and 15 minutes (if this is available on your system).\u00a0 For
\nwindow specific information, use “info”.<\/p>\n
If\u00a0 a string is specified, it changes the format of the time report like it is described in the “STRING ESCAPES” chapter. Screen uses a default of “%c:%s %M
\n%d %H%? %l%?”.<\/p>\n
title [windowtitle]<\/p>\n
Set the name of the current window to windowtitle. If no name is specified, screen prompts for one. This command was known as `aka’ in previous releases.<\/p>\n
unbindall<\/p>\n
Unbind all the bindings. This can be useful when screen is used solely for its detaching abilities, such as when letting a console application run as a dae\u2010
\nmon. If, for some reason, it is necessary to bind commands after this, use ‘screen -X’.<\/p>\n
unsetenv var<\/p>\n
Unset an environment variable.<\/p>\n
utf8 [on|off [on|off]]<\/p>\n
Change the encoding used in the current window. If utf8 is enabled, the strings sent to the window will be UTF-8 encoded and vice versa. Omitting the param\u2010
\neter toggles the setting. If a second parameter is given, the display’s encoding is also changed (this should rather be done\u00a0 with\u00a0 screen’s\u00a0 “-U”\u00a0 option).
\nSee also “defutf8”, which changes the default setting of a new window.<\/p>\n
vbell [on|off]<\/p>\n
Sets the visual bell setting for this window. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting. If vbell is switched on, but your terminal does not support a vis\u2010
\nual bell, a `vbell-message’ is displayed in the status line when the bell character (^G) is received.\u00a0 Visual bell support of a terminal is defined\u00a0 by\u00a0 the
\ntermcap variable `vb’ (terminfo: ‘flash’).
\nPer default, vbell is off, thus the audible bell is used.\u00a0 See also `bell_msg’.<\/p>\n
vbell_msg [message]<\/p>\n
Sets\u00a0 the\u00a0 visual\u00a0 bell\u00a0 message. message is printed to the status line if the window receives a bell character (^G), vbell is set to “on”, but the terminal
\ndoes not support a visual bell.\u00a0 The default message is “Wuff, Wuff!!”.\u00a0 Without a parameter, the current message is shown.<\/p>\n
vbellwait sec<\/p>\n
Define a delay in seconds after each display of screen’s visual bell message. The default is 1 second.<\/p>\n
verbose [on|off]
\nIf verbose is switched on, the command name is echoed, whenever a window is created (or resurrected from zombie state). Default is off.\u00a0 Without\u00a0 a\u00a0 parame\u2010
\nter, the current setting is shown.<\/p>\n
version<\/p>\n
Print the current version and the compile date in the status line.<\/p>\n
wall message<\/p>\n
Write a message to all displays. The message will appear in the terminal’s status line.<\/p>\n
width [-w|-d] [cols [lines]]<\/p>\n
Toggle\u00a0 the window width between 80 and 132 columns or set it to cols columns if an argument is specified.\u00a0 This requires a capable terminal and the termcap
\nentries “Z0” and “Z1”.\u00a0 See the “termcap” command for more information. You can also specify a new height if you want to change both values.\u00a0 The -w\u00a0 option
\ntells screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice versa.<\/p>\n
windowlist [-b] [-m] [-g]
\nwindowlist string [string]
\nwindowlist title [title]<\/p>\n
Display all windows in a table for visual window selection.\u00a0 If screen was in a window group, screen will back out of the group and then display the windows
\nin that group.\u00a0 If the -b option is given, screen will switch to the blank window before presenting the list, so that the current window is also selectable.
\nThe\u00a0 -m\u00a0 option changes the order of the windows, instead of sorting by window numbers screen uses its internal most-recently-used list.\u00a0 The -g option will
\nshow the windows inside any groups in that level and downwards.<\/p>\n
The following keys are used to navigate in “windowlist”:
\nk, C-p, or up Move up one line.
\nj, C-n, or down Move down one line.
\nC-g or escape Exit windowlist.
\nC-a or home Move to the first line.
\nC-e or end Move to the last line.
\nC-u or C-d Move one half page up or down.
\nC-b or C-f Move one full page up or down.
\n0..9 Using the number keys, move to the selected line.
\nmouseclick Move to the selected line. Available when “mousetrack” is set to “on”
\n\/ Search.
\nn Repeat search in the forward direction.
\nN Repeat search in the backward direction.
\nm Toggle MRU.
\ng Toggle group nesting.
\na All window view.
\nC-h or backspace Back out the group.
\n, Switch numbers with the previous window.
\n. Switch numbers with the next window.
\nK Kill that window.
\nspace or enter Select that window.<\/p>\n
The table format can be changed with the string and title option, the title is displayed as table heading, while the lines are made by using the string set\u2010
\nting.\u00a0 The\u00a0 default\u00a0 setting is “Num Name%=Flags” for the title and “%3n %t%=%f” for the lines.\u00a0 See the “STRING ESCAPES” chapter for more codes (e.g. color
\nsettings).<\/p>\n
“Windowlist” needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and 6 characters high in order to display.<\/p>\n
windows<\/p>\n
Uses the message line to display a list of all the windows.\u00a0 Each window is listed by number with the name of process that has been started\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 window
\n(or\u00a0 its\u00a0 title);\u00a0 the current window is marked with a `*’; the previous window is marked with a `-‘; all the windows that are “logged in” are marked with a
\n`$’; a background window that has received a bell is marked with a `!’; a background window that is being monitored and has had\u00a0 activity\u00a0 occur\u00a0 is\u00a0 marked
\nwith\u00a0 an\u00a0 `@’;\u00a0 a window which has output logging turned on is marked with `(L)’; windows occupied by other users are marked with `&’; windows in the zombie
\nstate are marked with `Z’.\u00a0 If this list is too long to fit on the terminal’s status line only the portion around the current window is displayed.<\/p>\n
wrap [on|off]<\/p>\n
Sets the line-wrap setting for the current window.\u00a0 When line-wrap is on, the second consecutive printable character output at the last\u00a0 column\u00a0 of\u00a0 a\u00a0 line
\nwill\u00a0 wrap to the start of the following line.\u00a0 As an added feature, backspace (^H) will also wrap through the left margin to the previous line.\u00a0 Default is
\n`on’. Without any options, the state of wrap is toggled.<\/p>\n
writebuf [-e encoding] [filename]
\nWrites the contents of the paste buffer to the specified file, or the public accessible screen-exchange file if no filename is given. This is thought of\u00a0 as
\na\u00a0 primitive\u00a0 means\u00a0 of communication between screen users on the same host. If an encoding is specified the paste buffer is recoded on the fly to match the
\nencoding.\u00a0 The filename can be set with the bufferfile command and defaults to “\/tmp\/screen-exchange”.<\/p>\n
writelock [on|off|auto]<\/p>\n
In addition to access control lists, not all users may be able to write to the same window at once. Per default, writelock is\u00a0 in\u00a0 `auto’\u00a0 mode\u00a0 and\u00a0 grants
\nexclusive\u00a0 input permission to the user who is the first to switch to the particular window. When he leaves the window, other users may obtain the writelock
\n(automatically). The writelock of the current window is disabled by the command “writelock off”. If the user issues the command “writelock on” he keeps\u00a0 the
\nexclusive write permission while switching to other windows.<\/p>\n
xoff
\nxon<\/p>\n
Insert a CTRL-s \/ CTRL-q character to the stdin queue of the current window.<\/p>\n
zmodem [off|auto|catch|pass]
\nzmodem sendcmd [string]
\nzmodem recvcmd [string]<\/p>\n
Define\u00a0 zmodem\u00a0 support\u00a0 for\u00a0 screen.\u00a0 Screen\u00a0 understands\u00a0 two different modes when it detects a zmodem request: “pass” and “catch”.\u00a0 If the mode is set to
\n“pass”, screen will relay all data to the attacher until the end of the transmission is reached.\u00a0 In “catch” mode screen\u00a0 acts\u00a0 as\u00a0 a\u00a0 zmodem\u00a0 endpoint\u00a0 and
\nstarts\u00a0 the\u00a0 corresponding\u00a0 rz\/sz\u00a0 commands. If the mode is set to “auto”, screen will use “catch” if the window is a tty (e.g. a serial line), otherwise it
\nwill use “pass”.
\nYou can define the templates screen uses in “catch” mode via the second and the third form.
\nNote also that this is an experimental feature.<\/p>\n
zombie [keys[onerror]]
\ndefzombie [keys]<\/p>\n
Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon as the windows process (e.g. shell) exits. When a string of two keys is specified to the
\nzombie command, `dead’ windows will remain in the list.\u00a0 The kill command may be used to remove such a window. Pressing the first key in the dead window has
\nthe same effect. When pressing the second key, screen will attempt to resurrect the window. The process that was initially running in\u00a0 the\u00a0 window\u00a0 will\u00a0 be
\nlaunched again. Calling zombie without parameters will clear the zombie setting, thus making windows disappear when their process exits.<\/p>\n
As the zombie-setting is manipulated globally for all windows, this command should only be called defzombie. Until we need this as a per window setting, the
\ncommands zombie and defzombie are synonymous.<\/p>\n
Optionally you can put the word “onerror” after the keys. This will cause screen to monitor exit status of the process running in the window.\u00a0 If\u00a0 it\u00a0 exits
\nnormally (‘0’), the window disappears. Any other exit value causes the window to become a zombie.<\/p>\n
THE MESSAGE LINE
\nScreen\u00a0 displays\u00a0 informational\u00a0 messages and other diagnostics in a message line.\u00a0 While this line is distributed to appear at the bottom of the screen, it
\ncan be defined to appear at the top of the screen during compilation.\u00a0 If your terminal has a status line defined in its termcap, screen will use\u00a0 this\u00a0 for
\ndisplaying its messages, otherwise a line of the current screen will be temporarily overwritten and output will be momentarily interrupted. The message line
\nis automatically removed after a few seconds delay, but it can also be removed early (on terminals without a status line) by beginning to type.<\/p>\n
The message line facility can be used by an application running in the current window by means of the ANSI Privacy message control sequence.\u00a0 For\u00a0 instance,
\nfrom within the shell, try something like:<\/p>\n
echo ‘<esc>^Hello world from window ‘$WINDOW'<esc>\\\\’<\/p>\n
where ‘<esc>’ is an escape, ‘^’ is a literal up-arrow, and ‘\\\\’ turns into a single backslash.<\/p>\n
WINDOW TYPES
\nScreen\u00a0 provides\u00a0 three\u00a0 different\u00a0 window\u00a0 types. New windows are created with screen’s screen command (see also the entry in chapter “CUSTOMIZATION”). The
\nfirst parameter to the screen command defines which type of window is created. The different window types are all special cases of\u00a0 the\u00a0 normal\u00a0 type.\u00a0 They
\nhave been added in order to allow screen to be used efficiently as a console multiplexer with 100 or more windows.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 The\u00a0 normal\u00a0 window\u00a0 contains\u00a0 a shell (default, if no parameter is given) or any other system command that could be executed from a shell (e.g.\u00a0 slogin,
\netc\u2026)<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 If a tty (character special device) name (e.g. “\/dev\/ttya”) is specified as the first parameter, then the window is directly connected\u00a0 to\u00a0 this\u00a0 device.
\nThis\u00a0 window\u00a0 type\u00a0 is\u00a0 similar to “screen cu -l \/dev\/ttya”.\u00a0 Read and write access is required on the device node, an exclusive open is attempted on the
\nnode to mark the connection line as busy.\u00a0 An optional parameter is allowed consisting of a comma separated\u00a0 list\u00a0 of\u00a0 flags\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 notation\u00a0 used\u00a0 by
\nstty(1):
\n<baud_rate>
\nUsually 300, 1200, 9600 or 19200. This affects transmission as well as receive speed.<\/p>\n
cs8 or cs7
\nSpecify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.<\/p>\n
ixon or -ixon
\nEnables (or disables) software flow-control (CTRL-S\/CTRL-Q) for sending data.<\/p>\n
ixoff or -ixoff
\nEnables (or disables) software flow-control for receiving data.<\/p>\n
istrip or -istrip
\nClear (or keep) the eight bit in each received byte.<\/p>\n
You may want to specify as many of these options as applicable. Unspecified options cause the terminal driver to make up the parameter values of the con\u2010
\nnection.\u00a0 These values are system dependent and may be in defaults or values saved from a previous connection.<\/p>\n
For tty windows, the info command shows some of the modem control lines in the status line. These may include `RTS’, `CTS’, ‘DTR’, `DSR’, `CD’ and\u00a0 more.
\nThis\u00a0 depends on the available ioctl()’s and system header files as well as the on the physical capabilities of the serial board.\u00a0 Signals that are logi\u2010
\ncal low (inactive) have their name preceded by an exclamation mark (!), otherwise the signal is logical high (active).\u00a0\u00a0 Signals\u00a0 not\u00a0 supported\u00a0 by\u00a0 the
\nhardware but available to the ioctl() interface are usually shown low.<\/p>\n
When\u00a0 the CLOCAL status bit is true, the whole set of modem signals is placed inside curly braces ({ and }).\u00a0 When the CRTSCTS or TIOCSOFTCAR bit is set,
\nthe signals `CTS’ or `CD’ are shown in parenthesis, respectively.<\/p>\n
For tty windows, the command break causes the Data transmission line (TxD) to go low for a specified period of time. This is expected to\u00a0 be\u00a0 interpreted
\nas break signal on the other side.\u00a0 No data is sent and no modem control line is changed when a break is issued.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 If\u00a0 the\u00a0 first parameter is “\/\/telnet”, the second parameter is expected to be a host name, and an optional third parameter may specify a TCP port number
\n(default decimal 23).\u00a0 Screen will connect to a server listening on the remote host and use the telnet protocol to communicate with that server.
\nFor telnet windows, the command info shows details about the connection in square brackets ([ and ]) at the end of the status line.<\/p>\n
b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BINARY. The connection is in binary mode.<\/p>\n
e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ECHO. Local echo is disabled.<\/p>\n
c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SGA. The connection is in `character mode’ (default: `line mode’).<\/p>\n
t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TTYPE. The terminal type has been requested by the remote host.\u00a0 Screen sends the name “screen” unless instructed otherwise (see also the\u00a0 command
\n`term’).<\/p>\n
w\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NAWS. The remote site is notified about window size changes.<\/p>\n
f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 LFLOW. The remote host will send flow control information.\u00a0 (Ignored at the moment.)<\/p>\n
Additional flags for debugging are x, t and n (XDISPLOC, TSPEED and NEWENV).<\/p>\n
For telnet windows, the command break sends the telnet code IAC BREAK (decimal 243) to the remote host.<\/p>\n
This window type is only available if screen was compiled with the BUILTIN_TELNET option defined.<\/p>\n
STRING ESCAPES
\nScreen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the current time into messages or file names. The escape character is ‘%’ with one exception:
\ninside of a window’s hardstatus ‘^%’ (‘^E’) is used instead.<\/p>\n
Here is the full list of supported escapes:<\/p>\n
%\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the escape character itself<\/p>\n
a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 either ‘am’ or ‘pm’<\/p>\n
A\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 either ‘AM’ or ‘PM’<\/p>\n
c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 current time HH:MM in 24h format<\/p>\n
C\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 current time HH:MM in 12h format<\/p>\n
d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 day number<\/p>\n
D\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 weekday name<\/p>\n
E\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sets %? to true if the escape character has been pressed.<\/p>\n
f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 flags of the window, see “windows” for meanings of the various flags<\/p>\n
F\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sets %? to true if the window has the focus<\/p>\n
h\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hardstatus of the window<\/p>\n
H\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hostname of the system<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 current load of the system<\/p>\n
m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 month number<\/p>\n
M\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 month name<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 window number<\/p>\n
P\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sets %? to true if the current region is in copy\/paste mode<\/p>\n
S\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 session name<\/p>\n
s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 seconds<\/p>\n
t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 window title<\/p>\n
u\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 all other users on this window<\/p>\n
w\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 all window numbers and names. With ‘-‘ qualifier: up to the current window; with ‘+’ qualifier: starting with the window after the current one.<\/p>\n
W\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 all window numbers and names except the current one<\/p>\n
y\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 last two digits of the year number<\/p>\n
Y\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 full year number<\/p>\n
?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the part to the next ‘%?’ is displayed only if a ‘%’ escape inside the part expands to a non-empty string<\/p>\n
:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 else part of ‘%?’<\/p>\n
=\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pad the string to the display’s width (like TeX’s hfill). If a number is specified, pad to the percentage of the window’s\u00a0 width.\u00a0\u00a0 A\u00a0 ‘0’\u00a0 qualifier
\ntells\u00a0 screen\u00a0 to treat the number as absolute position.\u00a0 You can specify to pad relative to the last absolute pad position by adding a ‘+’ qualifier
\nor to pad relative to the right margin by using ‘-‘. The padding truncates the string if the specified position lies before the current position. Add
\nthe ‘L’ qualifier to change this.<\/p>\n
<\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 same as ‘%=’ but just do truncation, do not fill with spaces<\/p>\n
>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 mark\u00a0 the current text position for the next truncation. When screen needs to do truncation, it tries to do it in a way that the marked position gets
\nmoved to the specified percentage of the output area. (The area starts from the last absolute pad position and ends with the\u00a0 position\u00a0 specified\u00a0 by
\nthe truncation operator.) The ‘L’ qualifier tells screen to mark the truncated parts with ‘\u2026’.<\/p>\n
{\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 attribute\/color modifier string terminated by the next “}”<\/p>\n
`\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Substitute with the output of a ‘backtick’ command. The length qualifier is misused to identify one of the commands.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 ‘c’\u00a0 and ‘C’ escape may be qualified with a ‘0’ to make screen use zero instead of space as fill character. The ‘0’ qualifier also makes the ‘=’ escape
\nuse absolute positions. The ‘n’ and ‘=’ escapes understand a length qualifier (e.g. ‘%3n’), ‘D’ and ‘M’ can be prefixed with ‘L’ to generate long names, ‘w’
\nand ‘W’ also show the window flags if ‘L’ is given.<\/p>\n
An\u00a0 attribute\/color\u00a0 modifier\u00a0 is\u00a0 is\u00a0 used\u00a0 to\u00a0 change\u00a0 the attributes or the color settings. Its format is “[attribute modifier] [color description]”. The
\nattribute modifier must be prefixed by a change type indicator if it can be confused with a color description. The following change types are known:<\/p>\n
+\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 add the specified set to the current attributes<\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 remove the set from the current attributes<\/p>\n
!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 invert the set in the current attributes<\/p>\n
=\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 change the current attributes to the specified set<\/p>\n
The attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or a combination of the following letters:<\/p>\n
d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 dim
\nu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 underline
\nb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bold
\nr\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 reverse
\ns\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 standout
\nB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 blinking<\/p>\n
Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters specifying the desired background and foreground color (in that order). The following\u00a0 colors
\nare known:<\/p>\n
k\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 black
\nr\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 red
\ng\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 green
\ny\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 yellow
\nb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 blue
\nm\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 magenta
\nc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 cyan
\nw\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 white
\nd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 default color
\n.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 leave color unchanged<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 capitalized\u00a0 versions\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 letter\u00a0 specify\u00a0 bright\u00a0 colors.\u00a0 You\u00a0 can also use the pseudo-color ‘i’ to set just the brightness and leave the color
\nunchanged.
\nA one digit\/letter color description is treated as foreground or background color dependent on the current attributes: if reverse mode\u00a0 is\u00a0 set,\u00a0 the\u00a0 back\u2010
\nground\u00a0 color is changed instead of the foreground color.\u00a0 If you don’t like this, prefix the color with a “.”. If you want the same behavior for two-letter
\ncolor descriptions, also prefix them with a “.”.
\nAs a special case, “%{-}” restores the attributes and colors that were set before the last change was made (i.e., pops one level of the color-change stack).<\/p>\n
Examples:<\/p>\n
“G”\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 set color to bright green<\/p>\n
“+b r” use bold red<\/p>\n
“= yd” clear all attributes, write in default color on yellow background.<\/p>\n
%-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<
\nThe available windows centered at the current window and truncated to the available width. The current window is displayed white on blue.\u00a0\u00a0 This\u00a0 can
\nbe used with “hardstatus alwayslastline”.<\/p>\n
%?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?
\nThe\u00a0 window\u00a0 number and title and the window’s hardstatus, if one is set.\u00a0 Also use a red background if this is the active focus. Useful for “caption
\nstring”.
\nFLOW-CONTROL
\nEach window has a flow-control setting that determines how screen deals with the XON and XOFF characters (and perhaps the interrupt character).\u00a0 When\u00a0 flow-
\ncontrol\u00a0 is\u00a0 turned off, screen ignores the XON and XOFF characters, which allows the user to send them to the current program by simply typing them (useful
\nfor the emacs editor, for instance).\u00a0 The trade-off is that it will take longer for output from a “normal” program to pause in response to\u00a0 an\u00a0 XOFF.\u00a0\u00a0 With
\nflow-control\u00a0 turned on, XON and XOFF characters are used to immediately pause the output of the current window.\u00a0 You can still send these characters to the
\ncurrent program, but you must use the appropriate two-character screen commands (typically “C-a q” (xon) and “C-a s” (xoff)).\u00a0\u00a0 The\u00a0 xon\/xoff\u00a0 commands\u00a0 are
\nalso useful for typing C-s and C-q past a terminal that intercepts these characters.<\/p>\n
Each window has an initial flow-control value set with either the -f option or the “defflow” .screenrc command. Per default the windows are set to automatic
\nflow-switching.\u00a0 It can then be toggled between the three states ‘fixed on’, ‘fixed off’ and ‘automatic’ interactively with the “flow” command bound to “C-a
\nf”.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 automatic\u00a0 flow-switching\u00a0 mode deals with flow control using the TIOCPKT mode (like “rlogin” does). If the tty driver does not support TIOCPKT, screen
\ntries to find out the right mode based on the current setting of the application keypad – when it is enabled, flow-control is turned off and visa versa.\u00a0 Of
\ncourse, you can still manipulate flow-control manually when needed.<\/p>\n
If\u00a0 you’re\u00a0 running\u00a0 with flow-control enabled and find that pressing the interrupt key (usually C-c) does not interrupt the display until another 6-8 lines
\nhave scrolled by, try running screen with the “interrupt” option (add the “interrupt” flag to the “flow” command in your .screenrc, or use the\u00a0 -i\u00a0 command-
\nline\u00a0 option).\u00a0\u00a0 This causes the output that screen has accumulated from the interrupted program to be flushed.\u00a0 One disadvantage is that the virtual termi\u2010
\nnal’s memory contains the non-flushed version of the output, which in rare cases can cause minor inaccuracies in the output.\u00a0 For\u00a0 example,\u00a0 if\u00a0 you\u00a0 switch
\nscreens and return, or update the screen with “C-a l” you would see the version of the output you would have gotten without “interrupt” being on.\u00a0 Also, you
\nmight need to turn off flow-control (or use auto-flow mode to turn it off automatically) when running a program that expects you to type the interrupt char\u2010
\nacter\u00a0 as input, as it is possible to interrupt the output of the virtual terminal to your physical terminal when flow-control is enabled.\u00a0 If this happens,
\na simple refresh of the screen with “C-a l” will restore it.\u00a0 Give each mode a try, and use whichever mode you find more comfortable.<\/p>\n
TITLES (naming windows)
\nYou can customize each window’s name in the window display (viewed with the “windows” command (C-a w)) by setting it with one of the title\u00a0 commands.\u00a0\u00a0 Nor\u2010
\nmally\u00a0 the\u00a0 name displayed is the actual command name of the program created in the window.\u00a0 However, it is sometimes useful to distinguish various programs
\nof the same name or to change the name on-the-fly to reflect the current state of the window.<\/p>\n
The default name for all shell windows can be set with the “shelltitle” command in the .screenrc file, while all other windows are created with\u00a0 a\u00a0 “screen”
\ncommand\u00a0 and\u00a0 thus\u00a0 can have their name set with the -t option.\u00a0 Interactively, there is the title-string escape-sequence (<esc>kname<esc>\\) and the “title”
\ncommand (C-a A).\u00a0 The former can be output from an application to control the window’s name under software control, and the latter will prompt\u00a0 for\u00a0 a\u00a0 name
\nwhen typed.\u00a0 You can also bind pre-defined names to keys with the “title” command to set things quickly without prompting.<\/p>\n
Finally,\u00a0 screen\u00a0 has\u00a0 a\u00a0 shell-specific\u00a0 heuristic that is enabled by setting the window’s name to “search|name” and arranging to have a null title escape-
\nsequence output as a part of your prompt.\u00a0 The search portion specifies an end-of-prompt search string, while the name portion specifies the\u00a0 default\u00a0 shell
\nname\u00a0 for the window.\u00a0 If the name ends in a `:’ screen will add what it believes to be the current command running in the window to the end of the window’s
\nshell name (e.g. “name:cmd”).\u00a0 Otherwise the current command name supersedes the shell name while it is running.<\/p>\n
Here’s how it works:\u00a0 you must modify your shell prompt to output a null title-escape-sequence (<esc>k<esc>\\) as a part of your prompt.\u00a0 The\u00a0 last\u00a0 part\u00a0 of
\nyour\u00a0 prompt\u00a0 must\u00a0 be\u00a0 the\u00a0 same\u00a0 as\u00a0 the string you specified for the search portion of the title.\u00a0 Once this is set up, screen will use the title-escape-
\nsequence to clear the previous command name and get ready for the next command.\u00a0 Then, when a newline is received from the shell, a search is made\u00a0 for\u00a0 the
\nend\u00a0 of\u00a0 the prompt.\u00a0 If found, it will grab the first word after the matched string and use it as the command name.\u00a0 If the command name begins with either
\n‘!’, ‘%’, or ‘^’ screen will use the first word on the following line (if found) in preference to the just-found name.\u00a0 This helps csh users get better com\u2010
\nmand names when using job control or history recall commands.<\/p>\n
Here’s some .screenrc examples:<\/p>\n
screen -t top 2 nice top<\/p>\n
Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d version of the “top” command in window 2 named “top” rather than “nice”.<\/p>\n
shelltitle ‘> |csh’
\nscreen 1<\/p>\n
These\u00a0 commands\u00a0 would\u00a0 start a shell with the given shelltitle.\u00a0 The title specified is an auto-title that would expect the prompt and the typed command to
\nlook something like the following:<\/p>\n
\/usr\/joe\/src\/dir> trn<\/p>\n
(it looks after the ‘> ‘ for the command name).\u00a0 The window status would show the name “trn” while the command was running, and revert to “csh” upon comple\u2010
\ntion.<\/p>\n
bind R screen -t ‘% |root:’ su<\/p>\n
Having\u00a0 this\u00a0 command\u00a0 in\u00a0 your .screenrc would bind the key sequence “C-a R” to the “su” command and give it an auto-title name of “root:”.\u00a0 For this auto-
\ntitle to work, the screen could look something like this:
\n% !em
\nemacs file.c<\/p>\n
Here the user typed the csh history command “!em” which ran the previously entered “emacs” command.\u00a0 The window status would show\u00a0 “root:emacs”\u00a0 during\u00a0 the
\nexecution of the command, and revert to simply “root:” at its completion.<\/p>\n
bind o title
\nbind E title “”
\nbind u title (unknown)<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 first\u00a0 binding\u00a0 doesn’t\u00a0 have any arguments, so it would prompt you for a title. when you type “C-a o”.\u00a0 The second binding would clear an auto-title’s
\ncurrent setting (C-a E).\u00a0 The third binding would set the current window’s title to “(unknown)” (C-a u).<\/p>\n
One thing to keep in mind when adding a null title-escape-sequence to your prompt is that some shells (like the csh) count all the non-control characters as
\npart of the prompt’s length.\u00a0 If these invisible characters aren’t a multiple of 8 then backspacing over a tab will result in an incorrect display.\u00a0 One way
\nto get around this is to use a prompt like this:<\/p>\n
set prompt=’^[[0000m^[k^[\\% ‘<\/p>\n
The escape-sequence “<esc>[0000m” not only normalizes the character attributes, but all the zeros round the length of the\u00a0 invisible\u00a0 characters\u00a0 up\u00a0 to\u00a0 8.
\nBash users will probably want to echo the escape sequence in the PROMPT_COMMAND:<\/p>\n
PROMPT_COMMAND=’printf “\\033k\\033\\134″‘<\/p>\n
(I used “134” to output a `\\’ because of a bug in bash v1.04).<\/p>\n
THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL
\nEach window in a screen session emulates a VT100 terminal, with some extra functions added. The VT100 emulator is hard-coded, no other terminal types can be
\nemulated.
\nUsually screen tries to emulate as much of the VT100\/ANSI standard as possible. But if your terminal lacks certain capabilities, the emulation\u00a0 may\u00a0 not\u00a0 be
\ncomplete.\u00a0 In\u00a0 these\u00a0 cases screen has to tell the applications that some of the features are missing. This is no problem on machines using termcap, because
\nscreen can use the $TERMCAP variable to customize the standard screen termcap.<\/p>\n
But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine supports only terminfo this method fails. Because of this, screen offers a way to deal with\u00a0 these
\ncases.\u00a0 Here is how it works:<\/p>\n
When\u00a0 screen\u00a0 tries\u00a0 to figure out a terminal name for itself, it first looks for an entry named “screen.<term>”, where <term> is the contents of your $TERM
\nvariable.\u00a0 If no such entry exists, screen tries “screen” (or “screen-w” if the terminal is wide (132 cols or more)).\u00a0 If even this entry cannot\u00a0 be\u00a0 found,
\n“vt100” is used as a substitute.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 idea\u00a0 is that if you have a terminal which doesn’t support an important feature (e.g. delete char or clear to EOS) you can build a new termcap\/terminfo
\nentry for screen (named “screen.<dumbterm>”) in which this capability has been disabled. If this entry is installed on your machines you are able\u00a0 to\u00a0 do\u00a0 a
\nrlogin and still keep the correct termcap\/terminfo entry.\u00a0 The terminal name is put in the $TERM variable of all new windows.\u00a0 Screen also sets the $TERMCAP
\nvariable reflecting the capabilities of the virtual terminal emulated. Notice that, however, on machines using the terminfo database this\u00a0 variable\u00a0 has\u00a0 no
\neffect.\u00a0 Furthermore, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window number of each window.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 actual\u00a0 set\u00a0 of\u00a0 capabilities\u00a0 supported by the virtual terminal depends on the capabilities supported by the physical terminal.\u00a0 If, for instance, the
\nphysical terminal does not support underscore mode, screen does not put the `us’ and `ue’ capabilities into the\u00a0 window’s\u00a0 $TERMCAP\u00a0 variable,\u00a0 accordingly.
\nHowever, a minimum number of capabilities must be supported by a terminal in order to run screen; namely scrolling, clear screen, and direct cursor address\u2010
\ning (in addition, screen does not run on hardcopy terminals or on terminals that over-strike).<\/p>\n
Also, you can customize the $TERMCAP value used by screen by using the “termcap” .screenrc command, or by defining the variable $SCREENCAP prior to startup.
\nWhen\u00a0 the\u00a0 is latter defined, its value will be copied verbatim into each window’s $TERMCAP variable.\u00a0 This can either be the full terminal definition, or a
\nfilename where the terminal “screen” (and\/or “screen-w”) is defined.<\/p>\n
Note that screen honors the “terminfo” .screenrc command if the system uses the terminfo database rather than termcap.<\/p>\n
When the boolean `G0′ capability is present in the termcap entry for the terminal on which screen has been called, the terminal emulation of screen supports
\nmultiple character sets.\u00a0 This allows an application to make use of, for instance, the VT100 graphics character set or national character sets.\u00a0 The follow\u2010
\ning control functions from ISO 2022 are supported: lock shift G0 (SI), lock shift G1 (SO), lock shift G2, lock shift G3, single shift G2, and\u00a0 single\u00a0 shift
\nG3.\u00a0 When a virtual terminal is created or reset, the ASCII character set is designated as G0 through G3.\u00a0 When the `G0′ capability is present, screen eval\u2010
\nuates the capabilities `S0′, `E0′, and `C0′ if present. `S0′ is the sequence the terminal uses to enable and start the graphics character\u00a0 set\u00a0 rather\u00a0 than
\nSI.\u00a0\u00a0 `E0′\u00a0 is\u00a0 the\u00a0 corresponding\u00a0 replacement\u00a0 for SO. `C0′ gives a character by character translation string that is used during semi-graphics mode. This
\nstring is built like the `acsc’ terminfo capability.<\/p>\n
When the `po’ and `pf’ capabilities are present in the terminal’s termcap entry, applications running in a screen window can send output to the printer port
\nof the terminal.\u00a0 This allows a user to have an application in one window sending output to a printer connected to the terminal, while all other windows are
\nstill active (the printer port is enabled and disabled again for each chunk of output).\u00a0 As a side-effect, programs running in different\u00a0 windows\u00a0 can\u00a0 send
\noutput\u00a0 to the printer simultaneously.\u00a0 Data sent to the printer is not displayed in the window.\u00a0 The info command displays a line starting `PRIN’ while the
\nprinter is active.
\nScreen maintains a hardstatus line for every window. If a window gets selected, the display’s hardstatus will be updated to match\u00a0 the\u00a0 window’s\u00a0 hardstatus
\nline.\u00a0 If\u00a0 the display has no hardstatus the line will be displayed as a standard screen message.\u00a0 The hardstatus line can be changed with the ANSI Applica\u2010
\ntion Program Command (APC): “ESC_<string>ESC\\”. As a convenience for xterm users the sequence “ESC]0..2;<string>^G” is also accepted.<\/p>\n
Some capabilities are only put into the $TERMCAP variable of the virtual terminal if they can be efficiently implemented\u00a0 by\u00a0 the\u00a0 physical\u00a0 terminal.\u00a0\u00a0 For
\ninstance,\u00a0 `dl’ (delete line) is only put into the $TERMCAP variable if the terminal supports either delete line itself or scrolling regions. Note that this
\nmay provoke confusion, when the session is reattached on a different terminal, as the value of $TERMCAP cannot be modified by parent processes.<\/p>\n
The “alternate screen” capability is not enabled by default.\u00a0 Set the altscreen .screenrc command to enable it.<\/p>\n
The following is a list of control sequences recognized by screen.\u00a0 “(V)” and “(A)” indicate VT100-specific and ANSI-\u00a0 or\u00a0 ISO-specific\u00a0 functions,\u00a0 respec\u2010
\ntively.<\/p>\n
ESC E\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Next Line<\/p>\n
ESC D\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Index<\/p>\n
ESC M\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reverse Index<\/p>\n
ESC H\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Horizontal Tab Set<\/p>\n
ESC Z\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Send VT100 Identification String<\/p>\n
ESC 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Save Cursor and Attributes<\/p>\n
ESC 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Restore Cursor and Attributes<\/p>\n
ESC [s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Save Cursor and Attributes<\/p>\n
ESC [u\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Restore Cursor and Attributes<\/p>\n
ESC c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reset to Initial State<\/p>\n
ESC g\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Visual Bell<\/p>\n
ESC Pn p\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cursor Visibility (97801)<\/p>\n
Pn = 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Invisible<\/p>\n
7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Visible<\/p>\n
ESC =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Application Keypad Mode<\/p>\n
ESC >\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Numeric Keypad Mode<\/p>\n
ESC # 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Fill Screen with E’s<\/p>\n
ESC \\\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 String Terminator<\/p>\n
ESC ^\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Privacy Message String (Message Line)<\/p>\n
ESC !\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Global Message String (Message Line)<\/p>\n
ESC k\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A.k.a. Definition String<\/p>\n
ESC P\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Device Control String.\u00a0 Outputs a string directly to the host terminal without interpretation.<\/p>\n
ESC _\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Application Program Command (Hardstatus)<\/p>\n
ESC ] 0 ; string ^G\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Operating System Command (Hardstatus, xterm title hack)<\/p>\n
ESC ] 83 ; cmd ^G\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Execute\u00a0 screen\u00a0 command.\u00a0 This\u00a0 only\u00a0 works if multi-user support is compiled into screen. The pseudo-user “:window:” is used to
\ncheck the access control list. Use “addacl :window: -rwx #?” to create a user with no rights and allow only the needed commands.<\/p>\n
Control-N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Lock Shift G1 (SO)<\/p>\n
Control-O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Lock Shift G0 (SI)<\/p>\n
ESC n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Lock Shift G2
\nESC o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Lock Shift G3<\/p>\n
ESC N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Single Shift G2<\/p>\n
ESC O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Single Shift G3<\/p>\n
ESC ( Pcs\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Designate character set as G0<\/p>\n
ESC ) Pcs\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Designate character set as G1<\/p>\n
ESC * Pcs\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Designate character set as G2<\/p>\n
ESC + Pcs\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Designate character set as G3<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn ; Pn H\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Direct Cursor Addressing<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn ; Pn f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 same as above<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn J\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Erase in Display<\/p>\n
Pn = None or 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 From Cursor to End of Screen<\/p>\n
1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 From Beginning of Screen to Cursor<\/p>\n
2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Entire Screen<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn K\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Erase in Line<\/p>\n
Pn = None or 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 From Cursor to End of Line<\/p>\n
1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 From Beginning of Line to Cursor<\/p>\n
2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Entire Line<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn X\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Erase character<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn A\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cursor Up<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn B\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cursor Down<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn C\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cursor Right<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn D\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cursor Left<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn E\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cursor next line<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn F\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cursor previous line<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn G\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cursor horizontal position<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn `\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 same as above<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cursor vertical position<\/p>\n
ESC [ Ps ;\u2026; Ps m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Select Graphic Rendition<\/p>\n
Ps = None or 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Default Rendition<\/p>\n
1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bold<\/p>\n
2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Faint<\/p>\n
3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Standout Mode (ANSI: Italicized)<\/p>\n
4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Underlined<\/p>\n
5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Blinking<\/p>\n
7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Negative Image
\n22\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Normal Intensity<\/p>\n
23\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Standout Mode off (ANSI: Italicized off)<\/p>\n
24\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Not Underlined<\/p>\n
25\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Not Blinking<\/p>\n
27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Positive Image<\/p>\n
30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Foreground Black<\/p>\n
31\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Foreground Red<\/p>\n
32\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Foreground Green<\/p>\n
33\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Foreground Yellow<\/p>\n
34\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Foreground Blue<\/p>\n
35\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Foreground Magenta<\/p>\n
36\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Foreground Cyan<\/p>\n
37\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Foreground White<\/p>\n
39\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Foreground Default<\/p>\n
40\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Background Black<\/p>\n
\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026<\/p>\n
49\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Background Default<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn g\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tab Clear<\/p>\n
Pn = None or 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Clear Tab at Current Position<\/p>\n
3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Clear All Tabs<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn ; Pn r\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Set Scrolling Region<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn I\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Horizontal Tab<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn Z\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Backward Tab<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn L\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Insert Line<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn M\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Delete Line<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn @\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Insert Character<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn P\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Delete Character<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn S\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Scroll Scrolling Region Up<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn T\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Scroll Scrolling Region Down<\/p>\n
ESC [ Pn ^\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 same as above<\/p>\n
ESC [ Ps ;\u2026; Ps h\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Set Mode<\/p>\n
ESC [ Ps ;\u2026; Ps l\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reset Mode<\/p>\n
Ps = 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Insert Mode<\/p>\n
20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Automatic Linefeed Mode<\/p>\n
34\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Normal Cursor Visibility<\/p>\n
?1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Application Cursor Keys<\/p>\n
?3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Change Terminal Width to 132 columns<\/p>\n
?5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Reverse Video<\/p>\n
?6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Origin Mode<\/p>\n
?7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Wrap Mode<\/p>\n
?9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X10 mouse tracking<\/p>\n
?25\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 Visible Cursor<\/p>\n
?47\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alternate Screen (old xterm code)<\/p>\n
?1000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (V)\u00a0 VT200 mouse tracking<\/p>\n
?1047\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alternate Screen (new xterm code)<\/p>\n
?1049\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alternate Screen (new xterm code)<\/p>\n
ESC [ 5 i\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Start relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)<\/p>\n
ESC [ 4 i\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)\u00a0 Stop relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)<\/p>\n
ESC [ 8 ; Ph ; Pw t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Resize the window to `Ph’ lines and `Pw’ columns (SunView special)<\/p>\n
ESC [ c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Send VT100 Identification String<\/p>\n
ESC [ x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Send Terminal Parameter Report<\/p>\n
ESC [ > c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Send VT220 Secondary Device Attributes String<\/p>\n
ESC [ 6 n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Send Cursor Position Report<\/p>\n
INPUT TRANSLATION
\nIn order to do a full VT100 emulation screen has to detect that a sequence of characters in the input stream was generated by a keypress on the user’s\u00a0 key\u2010
\nboard\u00a0 and insert the VT100 style escape sequence. Screen has a very flexible way of doing this by making it possible to map arbitrary commands on arbitrary
\nsequences of characters. For standard VT100 emulation the command will always insert a string in the input buffer of the window (see also command\u00a0 stuff\u00a0 in
\nthe\u00a0 command\u00a0 table).\u00a0 Because the sequences generated by a keypress can change after a reattach from a different terminal type, it is possible to bind com\u2010
\nmands to the termcap name of the keys.\u00a0 Screen will insert the correct binding after each reattach. See the bindkey command for further details on the\u00a0 syn\u2010
\ntax and examples.<\/p>\n
Here is the table of the default key bindings. (A) means that the command is executed if the keyboard is switched into application mode.<\/p>\n
Key name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Termcap name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Command
\n______________________________________________________
\nCursor up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ku\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[A
\nstuff \\033OA\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nCursor down\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[B
\nstuff \\033OB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nCursor right\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kr\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[C
\nstuff \\033OC\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nCursor left\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kl\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[D
\nstuff \\033OD\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nFunction key 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[10~
\nFunction key 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033OP
\nFunction key 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033OQ
\nFunction key 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033OR
\nFunction key 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033OS
\nFunction key 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[15~
\nFunction key 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[17~
\nFunction key 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[18~
\nFunction key 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[19~
\nFunction key 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[20~
\nFunction key 10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 k;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[21~
\nFunction key 11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 F1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[23~
\nFunction key 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 F2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[24~
\nHome\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kh\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[1~
\nEnd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[4~
\nInsert\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kI\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[2~
\nDelete\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kD\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[3~
\nPage up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kP\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[5~
\nPage down\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\033[6~
\nKeypad 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 0
\nstuff \\033Op\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 1
\nstuff \\033Oq\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 2
\nstuff \\033Or\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 3
\nstuff \\033Os\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 4
\nstuff \\033Ot\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 5
\nstuff \\033Ou\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 6
\nstuff \\033Ov\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 7
\nstuff \\033Ow\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 8
\nstuff \\033Ox\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff 9
\nstuff \\033Oy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad +\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f+\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff +
\nstuff \\033Ok\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff –
\nstuff \\033Om\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff *
\nstuff \\033Oj\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad \/\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f\/\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \/
\nstuff \\033Oo\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 fq\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff =
\nstuff \\033OX\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad .\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff .
\nstuff \\033On\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad ,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff ,
\nstuff \\033Ol\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)
\nKeypad enter\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 fe\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stuff \\015
\nstuff \\033OM\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (A)<\/p>\n
SPECIAL TERMINAL CAPABILITIES
\nThe\u00a0 following\u00a0 table describes all terminal capabilities that are recognized by screen and are not in the termcap(5) manual.\u00a0 You can place these capabili\u2010
\nties in your termcap entries (in `\/etc\/termcap’) or use them with the commands `termcap’, `terminfo’ and `termcapinfo’ in your screenrc files. It\u00a0 is\u00a0 often
\nnot possible to place these capabilities in the terminfo database.<\/p>\n
LP\u00a0\u00a0 (bool)\u00a0 Terminal has VT100 style margins (`magic margins’). Note that this capability is obsolete because screen uses the standard ‘xn’ instead.<\/p>\n
Z0\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Change width to 132 columns.<\/p>\n
Z1\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Change width to 80 columns.<\/p>\n
WS\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Resize display. This capability has the desired width and height as arguments. SunView(tm) example: ‘\\E[8;%d;%dt’.<\/p>\n
NF\u00a0\u00a0 (bool)\u00a0 Terminal doesn’t need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q direct to the application. Same as ‘flow off’. The opposite of this capability is ‘nx’.<\/p>\n
G0\u00a0\u00a0 (bool)\u00a0 Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences.<\/p>\n
S0\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Switch charset ‘G0’ to the specified charset. Default is ‘\\E(%.’.<\/p>\n
E0\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Switch charset ‘G0’ back to standard charset. Default is ‘\\E(B’.<\/p>\n
C0\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Use the string as a conversion table for font ‘0’. See the ‘ac’ capability for more details.<\/p>\n
CS\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Switch cursor-keys to application mode.<\/p>\n
CE\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Switch cursor-keys back to normal mode.<\/p>\n
AN\u00a0\u00a0 (bool)\u00a0 Turn on autonuke. See the ‘autonuke’ command for more details.<\/p>\n
OL\u00a0\u00a0 (num)\u00a0\u00a0 Set the output buffer limit. See the ‘obuflimit’ command for more details.<\/p>\n
KJ\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Set the encoding of the terminal. See the ‘encoding’ command for valid encodings.<\/p>\n
AF\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Change\u00a0 character\u00a0 foreground\u00a0 color\u00a0 in\u00a0 an ANSI conform way. This capability will almost always be set to ‘\\E[3%dm’ (‘\\E[3%p1%dm’ on terminfo
\nmachines).<\/p>\n
AB\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Same as ‘AF’, but change background color.<\/p>\n
AX\u00a0\u00a0 (bool)\u00a0 Does understand ANSI set default fg\/bg color (\\E[39m \/ \\E[49m).<\/p>\n
XC\u00a0\u00a0 (str)\u00a0\u00a0 Describe a translation of characters to strings depending on the current font. More details follow in the next section.<\/p>\n
XT\u00a0\u00a0 (bool)\u00a0 Terminal understands special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse tracking).<\/p>\n
C8\u00a0\u00a0 (bool)\u00a0 Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity colors (e.g. Eterm).<\/p>\n
TF\u00a0\u00a0 (bool)\u00a0 Add missing capabilities to the termcap\/info entry. (Set by default).<\/p>\n
CHARACTER TRANSLATION
\nScreen has a powerful mechanism to translate characters to arbitrary strings depending on the current font and terminal type.\u00a0 Use this feature if you\u00a0 want
\nto\u00a0 work with a common standard character set (say ISO8851-latin1) even on terminals that scatter the more unusual characters over several national language
\nfont pages.
\nSyntax:
\nXC=<charset-mapping>{,,<charset-mapping>}
\n<charset-mapping> := <designator><template>{,<mapping>}
\n<mapping> := <char-to-be-mapped><template-arg><\/p>\n
The things in braces may be repeated any number of times.<\/p>\n
A <charset-mapping> tells screen how to map characters in font <designator> (‘B’: Ascii, ‘A’: UK, ‘K’: German, etc.)\u00a0 to strings. Every <mapping>\u00a0 describes
\nto\u00a0 what string a single character will be translated. A template mechanism is used, as most of the time the codes have a lot in common (for example strings
\nto switch to and from another charset). Each occurrence of ‘%’ in <template> gets substituted with the <template-arg> specified together with the character.
\nIf\u00a0 your\u00a0 strings\u00a0 are\u00a0 not similar at all, then use ‘%’ as a template and place the full string in <template-arg>. A quoting mechanism was added to make it
\npossible to use a real ‘%’. The ‘\\’ character quotes the special characters ‘\\’, ‘%’, and ‘,’.<\/p>\n
Here is an example:<\/p>\n
termcap hp700 ‘XC=B\\E(K%\\E(B,\\304[,\\326\\\\\\\\,\\334]’<\/p>\n
This tells screen how to translate ISOlatin1 (charset ‘B’) upper case umlaut characters on a hp700 terminal that has a German charset.\u00a0 ‘\\304’\u00a0 gets\u00a0 trans\u2010
\nlated\u00a0 to\u00a0 ‘\\E(K[\\E(B’\u00a0 and\u00a0 so\u00a0 on.\u00a0 Note that this line gets parsed *three* times before the internal lookup table is built, therefore a lot of quoting is
\nneeded to create a single ‘\\’.<\/p>\n
Another extension was added to allow more emulation: If a mapping translates the unquoted ‘%’ char, it will be sent to the terminal whenever screen switches
\nto\u00a0 the\u00a0 corresponding\u00a0 <designator>. In this special case the template is assumed to be just ‘%’ because the charset switch sequence and the character map\u2010
\npings normally haven’t much in common.<\/p>\n
This example shows one use of the extension:<\/p>\n
termcap xterm ‘XC=K%,%\\E(B,[\\304,\\\\\\\\\\326,]\\334’<\/p>\n
Here, a part of the German (‘K’) charset is emulated on an xterm.\u00a0 If screen has to change to the ‘K’ charset, ‘\\E(B’ will be sent to the terminal, i.e. the
\nASCII charset is used instead. The template is just ‘%’, so the mapping is straightforward: ‘[‘ to ‘\\304’, ‘\\’ to ‘\\326’, and ‘]’ to ‘\\334′.<\/p>\n
ENVIRONMENT
\nCOLUMNS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Number of columns on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).
\nHOME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Directory in which to look for .screenrc.
\nLINES\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Number of lines on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).
\nLOCKPRG\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Screen lock program.
\nNETHACKOPTIONS Turns on nethack option.
\nPATH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Used for locating programs to run.
\nSCREENCAP\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For customizing a terminal’s TERMCAP value.
\nSCREENDIR\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alternate socket directory.
\nSCREENRC\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alternate user screenrc file.
\nSHELL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Default shell program for opening windows (default “\/bin\/sh”).\u00a0 See also “shell” .screenrc command.
\nSTY\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alternate socket name.
\nSYSSCREENRC\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alternate system screenrc file.
\nTERM\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terminal name.
\nTERMCAP\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terminal description.
\nWINDOW\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Window number of a window (at creation time).<\/p>\n
FILES
\n\u2026\/screen-4.?.??\/etc\/screenrc
\n\u2026\/screen-4.?.??\/etc\/etcscreenrc\u00a0\u00a0 Examples in the screen distribution package for private and global initialization files.
\n$SYSSCREENRC
\n\/etc\/screenrc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 screen initialization commands
\n$SCREENRC
\n$HOME\/.screenrc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Read in after \/etc\/screenrc
\n$SCREENDIR\/S-<login>
\n\/var\/run\/screen\/S-<login>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Socket directories (default)
\n\/usr\/tmp\/screens\/S-<login>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alternate socket directories.
\n<socket directory>\/.termcap\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Written by the “termcap” output function
\n\/usr\/tmp\/screens\/screen-exchange\u00a0 or
\n\/tmp\/screen-exchange\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 screen `interprocess communication buffer’
\nhardcopy.[0-9]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Screen images created by the hardcopy function
\nscreenlog.[0-9]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Output log files created by the log function
\n\/usr\/lib\/terminfo\/?\/*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 or
\n\/etc\/termcap\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terminal capability databases
\n\/var\/run\/utmp\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Login records
\n$LOCKPRG\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Program that locks a terminal.
\nSEE ALSO
\ntermcap(5), utmp(5), vi(1), captoinfo(1), tic(1)<\/p>\n
AUTHORS
\nOriginally created by Oliver Laumann, this latest version was produced by Juergen Weigert, Michael Schroeder, Micah Cowan and Sadrul Habib Chowdhury.<\/p>\n
COPYLEFT
\nCopyright (c) 2010
\nJuergen Weigert (jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
\nSadrul Habib Chowdhury (sadrul@users.sourceforge.net)
\nCopyright (c) 2008, 2009
\nJuergen Weigert (jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
\nMichael Schroeder (mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
\nMicah Cowan (micah@cowan.name)
\nSadrul Habib Chowdhury (sadrul@users.sourceforge.net)
\nCopyright (C) 1993-2003
\nJuergen Weigert (jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
\nMichael Schroeder (mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
\nCopyright (C) 1987 Oliver Laumann
\nThis\u00a0 program is free software; you can redistribute it and\/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
\nFoundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
\nThis program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\u00a0 MERCHANTABILITY\u00a0 or\u00a0 FITNESS
\nFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\u00a0 See the GNU General Public License for more details.
\nYou should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program (see the file COPYING); if not, write to the Free Software Founda\u2010
\ntion, Inc., 59 Temple Place – Suite 330, Boston, MA\u00a0 02111-1307, USA<\/p>\n
CONTRIBUTORS
\nKen Beal (kbeal@amber.ssd.csd.harris.com),
\nRudolf Koenig (rfkoenig@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de),
\nToerless Eckert (eckert@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de),
\nWayne Davison (davison@borland.com),
\nPatrick Wolfe (pat@kai.com, kailand!pat),
\nBart Schaefer (schaefer@cse.ogi.edu),
\nNathan Glasser (nathan@brokaw.lcs.mit.edu),
\nLarry W. Virden (lvirden@cas.org),
\nHoward Chu (hyc@hanauma.jpl.nasa.gov),
\nTim MacKenzie (tym@dibbler.cs.monash.edu.au),
\nMarkku Jarvinen (mta@{cc,cs,ee}.tut.fi),
\nMarc Boucher (marc@CAM.ORG),
\nDoug Siebert (dsiebert@isca.uiowa.edu),
\nKen Stillson (stillson@tsfsrv.mitre.org),
\nIan Frechett (frechett@spot.Colorado.EDU),
\nBrian Koehmstedt (bpk@gnu.ai.mit.edu),
\nDon Smith (djs6015@ultb.isc.rit.edu),
\nFrank van der Linden (vdlinden@fwi.uva.nl),
\nMartin Schweikert (schweik@cpp.ob.open.de),
\nDavid Vrona (dave@sashimi.lcu.com),
\nE. Tye McQueen (tye%spillman.UUCP@uunet.uu.net),
\nMatthew Green (mrg@eterna.com.au),
\nChristopher Williams (cgw@pobox.com),
\nMatt Mosley (mattm@access.digex.net),
\nGregory Neil Shapiro (gshapiro@wpi.WPI.EDU),
\nJohannes Zellner (johannes@zellner.org),
\nPablo Averbuj (pablo@averbuj.com).<\/p>\n
VERSION
\nThis is version 4.1.0. Its roots are a merge of a custom version 2.3PR7 by Wayne Davison and several enhancements to Oliver Laumann’s version 2.0. Note that
\nall versions numbered 2.x are copyright by Oliver Laumann.<\/p>\n
AVAILABILITY
\nThe\u00a0 latest\u00a0 official\u00a0 release of screen available via anonymous ftp from gnudist.gnu.org, nic.funet.fi or any other GNU distribution site. The home site of
\nscreen is ftp.uni-erlangen.de, in the directory pub\/utilities\/screen. The subdirectory `private’ contains the latest beta testing release. If\u00a0 you\u00a0 want\u00a0 to
\nhelp, send a note to\u00a0screen@uni-erlangen.de.
\nBUGS
\n\u00b7\u00a0 `dm’ (delete mode) and `xs’ are not handled correctly (they are ignored). `xn’ is treated as a magic-margin indicator.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 Screen has no clue about double-high or double-wide characters.\u00a0 But this is the only area where vttest is allowed to fail.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 It is not possible to change the environment variable $TERMCAP when reattaching under a different terminal type.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 The support of terminfo based systems is very limited. Adding extra capabilities to $TERMCAP may not have any effects.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 Screen does not make use of hardware tabs.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 Screen\u00a0 must\u00a0 be\u00a0 installed\u00a0 as set-uid with owner root on most systems in order to be able to correctly change the owner of the tty device file for each
\nwindow.\u00a0 Special permission may also be required to write the file “\/var\/run\/utmp”.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 Entries in “\/var\/run\/utmp” are not removed when screen is killed with SIGKILL.\u00a0 This will cause some programs (like “w” or “rwho”) to\u00a0 advertise\u00a0 that\u00a0 a
\nuser is logged on who really isn’t.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 Screen may give a strange warning when your tty has no utmp entry.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 When the modem line was hung up, screen may not automatically detach (or quit) unless the device driver is configured to send a HANGUP signal.\u00a0 To detach
\na screen session use the -D or -d command line option.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 If a password is set, the command line options -d and -D still detach a session without asking.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 Both “breaktype” and “defbreaktype” change the break generating method used by all terminal devices. The first should change a window\u00a0 specific\u00a0 setting,
\nwhere the latter should change only the default for new windows.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 When\u00a0 attaching to a multiuser session, the user’s .screenrc file is not sourced. Each user’s personal settings have to be included in the .screenrc file
\nfrom which the session is booted, or have to be changed manually.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all the features.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0 Send bug-reports, fixes, enhancements, t-shirts, money, beer & pizza to\u00a0screen@uni-erlangen.de.<\/p>\n
4th Berkeley Distribution\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aug 2003\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SCREEN(1)<\/p>\n