{"id":3419,"date":"2020-06-22T13:10:55","date_gmt":"2020-06-22T11:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/?p=3419"},"modified":"2020-06-22T13:10:55","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T11:10:55","slug":"apt-kommandoen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/?p=3419","title":{"rendered":"19 eksempler p\u00e5 brug af apt kommandoen."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>APT st\u00e5r for Advanced Package Tool. Det er et s\u00e6t v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer som bruges i Debian og Ubuntu. Du kan bruge kommandoen apt til at installere apps, slette eller fjerne apps, holde Ubuntu\/Debian-server opdateret med mere. Apt arbejde med kommandoen dpkg til at installere og opdatere systemet. Jeg anbefaler kraftigt, at du bruger apt-kommandoen til at gemme indtastning p\u00e5 kommandolinjen. Denne side indeholder egnede kommandoeksempler til nye Linux-brugere.<\/p>\n<p>Apt-get kommandoen er den overordnet kommando. apt er et andet tool som hj\u00e6lper med de problemer som er med apt-get kommandoen. Du skal bruge apt den er nemmere at bruge samt har en godt bruger interface.<\/p>\n<h2>apt kommandoen eksempler og brug.<\/h2>\n<p>Du skal bruge apt til at installere,upgrade,fjernelse af programmer.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"#1\"><\/a>Basic syntax er<\/p>\n<p>apt [options] kommando<br \/>\napt [options] kommando pkg1<br \/>\napt [options] kommando pkg1 pkg2<\/p>\n<p>Lad os se hvordan du bruger apt til at installere sikkerheds opdateringer p\u00e5 Ubuntu eller Debian.<\/p>\n<p>For at download opdateringsoversigten skal du skrive.<br \/>\n$ sudo apt update<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3424\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ubuntu-16-04-lts-update-system.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"233\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"#1\"><\/a><br \/>\nFor at opgradere systemet skal du skrive.<\/p>\n<p><code>$ sudo apt upgrade<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><small>Eksempel p\u00e5 opdatering.\n\nReading package lists... Done\nBuilding dependency tree       \nReading state information... Done\nCalculating upgrade... Done\nThe following NEW packages will be installed:\n  libboost-random1.58.0 liblvm2app2.2\n  linux-headers-4.4.0-16\n  linux-headers-4.4.0-16-generic\n  linux-image-4.4.0-16-generic\n  linux-image-extra-4.4.0-16-generic\nThe following packages will be upgraded:\n  apport bsdutils dbus dmeventd dmsetup ethtool\n  gcc-5-base geoip-database grub-legacy-ec2\n  libblkid1 libdbus-1-3 libdevmapper-event1.02.1\n  libdevmapper1.02.1 libfdisk1 libglib2.0-0\n  libglib2.0-data liblvm2cmd2.02 liblxc1 libmount1\n  libpam-cgfs libpam-systemd libpython3.5-minimal\n  libpython3.5-stdlib librados2 librbd1\n  libsmartcols1 libstdc++6 libsystemd0 libudev1\n  libuuid1 linux-generic linux-headers-generic\n  linux-image-generic lvm2 lxc lxc-common\n  lxc-templates lxc1 lxcfs lxd lxd-client mount\n  openssh-client openssh-server openssh-sftp-server\n  python3-apport python3-lxc python3-problem-report\n  python3.5 python3.5-minimal sudo systemd\n  systemd-sysv tzdata ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-standard\n  udev util-linux uuid-runtime\n59 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.\nNeed to get 96.4 MB of archives.\nAfter this operation, 297 MB of additional disk space will be used.\nDo you want to continue? [Y\/n] y\nGet:1 http:\/\/us.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu xenial\/main amd64 bsdutils amd64 1:2.27.1-6ubuntu2 [51.6 kB]\nGet:2 http:\/\/us.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu xenial\/main amd64 util-linux amd64 2.27.1-6ubuntu2 [847 kB]\nGet:3 http:\/\/us.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu xenial\/main amd64 mount amd64 2.27.1-6ubuntu2 [121 kB]\nGet:4 http:\/\/us.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu xenial\/main amd64 dbus amd64 1.10.6-1ubuntu3 [141 kB]\nGet:5 http:\/\/us.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu xenial\/main amd64 libdbus-1-3 amd64 1.10.6-1ubuntu3 [161 kB]\nGet:6 http:\/\/us.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu xenial\/main amd64 systemd-sysv amd64 229-3ubuntu2 [17.3 kB]\n...\n....\n..\nSetting up lxd (2.0.0~rc8-0ubuntu2) ...\nSetting up liblvm2cmd2.02:amd64 (2.02.133-1ubuntu8) ...\nSetting up dmeventd (2:1.02.110-1ubuntu8) ...\nSetting up lvm2 (2.02.133-1ubuntu8) ...\nupdate-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)\nProcessing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.5-2) ...\nProcessing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu2) ...\nProcessing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu6) ...\nupdate-initramfs: Generating \/boot\/initrd.img-4.4.0-16-generic<\/small><\/pre>\n<p><small>For at g\u00f8re dette i en linje kan du bruge &amp;&amp; som vist her<\/small><\/p>\n<pre><small>$ sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade\n<\/small><\/pre>\n<p><small>$$ betyder den skal udf\u00f8re n\u00e6ste kommando hvis f\u00f8rste kommando (apt update) gik godt.<br \/>\n<\/small><small>S\u00e5 laver den en opdatering. <small>For at se hvilken pakker som kan opdateres bruge du denne kommando.<\/small><\/small><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<pre><small>$ apt list --upgradable\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ubuntu-16.04-lts-list-upgradable-packages.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"401\" \/>\n<\/small><\/pre>\n<p>Hvordan laver man en fuld system upgrade.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"#5\"><\/a>Kommandoen til at udf\u00f8re en full opdatering af systemet<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo apt full-upgrade<\/pre>\n<p>Kommandoen med fuld opgradering udf\u00f8rer opgraderingsfunktionen, men fjerner aktuelt installerede pakker, hvis dette er n\u00f8dvendigt for at opgradere systemet som helhed. Dette er nyttigt, n\u00e5r pakker holdes tilbage fra opdateringer, eller du \u00f8nsker at installere fra Ubuntu version 16.04 til 16.04.1:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"#6\"><\/a><br \/>\nS\u00e5dan installeres en ny pakke<br \/>\nFor at installere en ny pakke kaldet nginx skal du indtaste:<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo apt install {navnet p\u00e5 pakken som skal installeres}\n$ sudo apt install nginx<\/pre>\n<p>S\u00e5dan fjernes en pakker<br \/>\nFor at slette eller fjerne en pakke kaldet nginx, skal du indtaste:<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo apt fjern {navnet p\u00e5 pakken som skal installeres}\n$ sudo apt fjerne nginx<\/pre>\n<p>Alle filer slettes undtagen konfigurationsfiler p\u00e5 systemet.<\/p>\n<p>For at slette konfigurationsfiler skal du bruge purge.<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo apt purge<\/pre>\n<p>Denne purge bruge til valg at fjernelse af pakke og konfiguration filerne.<br \/>\n<a name=\"#7\"><\/a><br \/>\nVed at fjerne en pakke fjernes alle pakkede data, men efterlader normalt sm\u00e5 (\u00e6ndrede) brugerkonfigurationsfiler bag, i tilf\u00e6lde af at fjernelsen var en ulykke. Bare at udstede en installationsanmodning til pakken, der blev fjernet ved et uheld, gendanner dens funktion som f\u00f8r i dette tilf\u00e6lde. P\u00e5 den anden side kan du slippe af med disse rester ved at kalde rensning, selv p\u00e5 allerede fjernede pakker:<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo apt purge {navnet p\u00e5 pakken som skal installeres}\n$ sudo apt purge nginx\n$ sudo apt purge nginx nginx-core nginx-common<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3431\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/apt-command-examples-purging-files.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"434\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>AUTOREMOVE VALG<\/h2>\n<p>Autoremove-indstillingen bruges til at fjerne pakker, der automatisk blev installeret for at tilfredsstille afh\u00e6ngigheder for andre pakker, og som nu ikke l\u00e6ngere er n\u00f8dvendige, n\u00e5r afh\u00e6ngigheder \u00e6ndres, eller pakken, der har behov for dem, blev fjernet i mellemtiden. For eksempel, n\u00e5r du opgraderer Linux-kerne til 4.1.5, har du muligvis ikke brug for Linux-kerne version 3.8.5. Syntaks er:<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo apt autoremove\n$ sudo apt --purge autoremove<\/pre>\n<p>S\u00e5dan s\u00f8ges pakker<br \/>\nS\u00f8geindstillingen kan bruges til at s\u00f8ge efter den givne regex. For at s\u00f8ge efter php-pakker skal du indtaste:<br \/>\n$ apt search php<br \/>\n$ apt search mysql-5.?<br \/>\n$ apt search p\u00e5 mysql-server-5.?<br \/>\n$ apt search httpd *<br \/>\n$ apt search ^apache<br \/>\n$ apt search ^nginx<br \/>\n$ apt search ^nginx$<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ubuntu-16-04-lts-apt-search-package.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"845\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Hvordan finder man s\u00e5 info om en pakke.<\/h2>\n<p>For at se hvilken information om en pakkes afh\u00e6ngigheder st\u00f8relse samt beskrivelse bruges apt show som vist her.<\/p>\n<pre>$ apt show {pkgNamehere}\n$ apt show nginx\n$ apt show sudo<\/pre>\n<pre>Package: sudo\nVersion: 1.8.19p1-1\nPriority: optional\nSection: admin\nMaintainer: Bdale Garbee &lt;bdale@gag.com&gt;\nInstalled-Size: 3106 kB\nDepends: libaudit1 (&gt;= 1:2.2.1), libc6 (&gt;= 2.17), libpam0g (&gt;= 0.99.7.1), libselinux1 (&gt;= 1.32), libpam-modules, lsb-base\nConflicts: sudo-ldap\nReplaces: sudo-ldap\nHomepage: http:\/\/www.sudo.ws\/\nTag: admin::login, admin::user-management, implemented-in::c,\n interface::commandline, role::program, scope::utility,\n security::authentication, use::login\nDownload-Size: 1054 kB\nAPT-Sources: http:\/\/httpredir.debian.org\/debian stretch\/main amd64 Packages\nDescription: Provide limited super user privileges to specific users\n Sudo is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give limited root\n privileges to users and log root activity.  The basic philosophy is to give\n as few privileges as possible but still allow people to get their work done.\n .\n This version is built with minimal shared library dependencies, use the\n sudo-ldap package instead if you need LDAP support for sudoers.&lt;\/bdale@gag.com&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"#1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>For at f\u00e5 en oversigt over alle pakker som er installeret bruger du list kommandoen.<\/h2>\n<p>For at liste alle pakker skriver du.<\/p>\n<pre>$ apt list\n$ apt list | more\n$ apt list | grep foo\n$ apt list | grep php7-<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For at f\u00e5 en liste over nginx<\/p>\n<pre>$ apt list nginx\n$ apt list 'php7*'<\/pre>\n<p>Output.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-3438\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ubuntu-linux-16-04-lst-apt-list-539x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"539\" height=\"1024\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Se politik for pakke<\/p>\n<pre>$ apt list -a {pakke navn}\n$ apt list -a sudo<\/pre>\n<p>Eksempel :<\/p>\n<p>sudo\/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 1.8.16-0ubuntu1.9 amd64 [installed]<br \/>\nsudo\/xenial 1.8.16-0ubuntu1 amd64<br \/>\n<a name=\"#6\"><\/a><br \/>\nList over alle installeret pakker.<\/p>\n<pre>$ apt list --installed\n$ apt list --installed | grep sudo\n$ apt list --installed | grep {pakke navn}\n<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3442\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/apt-list-installed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"441\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"#7\"><\/a><br \/>\nList package dependency<br \/>\nFor at se hvilken pakker som programmer har afh\u00e6ngighed af andre pakker.<\/p>\n<pre>$ apt depends {pakkenavn}\n$ apt depends sudo<\/pre>\n<p>Eksempel:<\/p>\n<p>sudo<br \/>\nDepends: libaudit1 (&gt;= 1:2.2.1)<br \/>\nDepends: libc6 (&gt;= 2.17)<br \/>\nDepends: libpam0g (&gt;= 0.99.7.1)<br \/>\nDepends: libselinux1 (&gt;= 1.32)<br \/>\nDepends: libpam-modules<br \/>\nDepends: lsb-base<br \/>\nConflicts: sudo-ldap<br \/>\nReplaces: sudo-ldap<\/p>\n<p>How do I performs recursive dependency listings similar to apt-cache?<br \/>\nThe syntax is:<\/p>\n<pre>$ apt rdepends {pkgNames}\n$ apt rdepends sudo<\/pre>\n<p><a name=\"#17\"><\/a><br \/>\nHvordan \u00e6ndre man source information hvor den henter pakker fra. \/etc\/apt\/sources.list?<br \/>\nSyntax er:<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo apt edit-sources<\/pre>\n<p>list &#8211; Viser oversigt over pakker<br \/>\nsearch &#8211; S\u00f8g efter navn p\u00e5 en pakke.<br \/>\nshow &#8211; Viser pakke detaljer.<br \/>\ninstall &#8211; Installere pakke.<br \/>\nremove &#8211; Fjerne pakke.<br \/>\nautoremove &#8211; Fjer alle pakke som ikke bruges mere.<br \/>\nupdate &#8211; Update af pakker installere p\u00e5 systemet.<br \/>\nupgrade &#8211; Upgrade pakker som er installeret.<br \/>\nfull-upgrade &#8211; Upgrade hele systemet.<br \/>\nedit-sources &#8211; Ret i source information filerne.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_3419\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"3419\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>APT st\u00e5r for Advanced Package Tool. Det er et s\u00e6t v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer som bruges i Debian og Ubuntu. Du kan bruge kommandoen apt til at installere apps, slette eller fjerne apps, holde Ubuntu\/Debian-server opdateret med mere. Apt arbejde med kommandoen dpkg til at installere og opdatere systemet. Jeg anbefaler kraftigt, at du bruger apt-kommandoen til at [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_3419\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"3419\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5,2],"tags":[21],"class_list":["post-3419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bash","category-tips","tag-apt"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":73,"today_views":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3419"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3419\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxboxen.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}